20 - Parasitic Infections Flashcards
ELEPHANTISIASIS
Lymphatic Filariasis
Type of Parasite / Etiologic Agent / Mode of Transmission
HELMINTH
From:
Wyuchereria Bancrfoti (most common, but there are others)
Transmission:
Vector = MOSQUITO
preference for human blood, hold MICROFILARIA (young adult)
Blood meal –> GROW IN HUMAN –> enter LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Which Parasite?
RESERVOIR HOST = BEAVERS
GIARDIASIS
Intestinal Protozoa
Beavers hold Giardiasis –> release into WATER/RIVER/FOOD
vector = food/water
Trichomonisis
SYMPTOMS & COMPLICATIONS
Luminal Protozoa
WOMEN
often asymptomatic, mild-severe VAGINITIS in heavy infections
FOWL SMELLING discharge
high pH > 5.9 is preferred = vinegar/low pH will kill
HIV INFECTION
increased susceptibility & transmission
can lead to PREMATURE or low-birth weight babies
Men
rarely symptomatic
can have mild urethritis +/- prostatis
Treatment for:
Toxoplasmosis - Pregnant & Infected
if baby isnt infected
- *SPIRAMYCIN**
- *macrolide ABx**, still experimental but has special permissions
- reduces* likelyhood that baby will become infected
- without posing RISK to the child*
What is the main difference between
Amebiasis**&**Giardiasis
intestinal protozoas
Amebiasis
can cause SEVERE / CHRONIC disease
with EXTRA-INTESTINAL SYMPTOMS = liver/lung/brain/hepatitis
FEVER + Bloody/mucoid dysentery
- *Giardiasis**
- no mucus or blood in stool, *no fever
only affects abdomin / frequent diarrhea
Treatment for:
TOXOPLASMOSIS- UNBORN CHILD
- *PYRIMETHAMINE_ + _SULFADIAZINE**
- *antifolate (DHFR inhibitor)** + dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor)
only given in EXTREME circumstances
can have serious side effects for women & unborn babies
TRICHOMONIASIS
TREATMENT / PREVENTION
CONDOMS
VINEGAR DOUCHE
prefers a higher pH >5.4 –> vinegar will decrease pH & kill organism
METRONIDAZOLE
Which Parasite?
Reservoir Host = Raw Meats (mice / birds / etc)
TOXOPLASMOSIS
Blood Protozoa
Vector = Cat
Cat eats raw meat/food containing CYSTS–>humans pet cats and ingest the cysts
3 Phases / Symptoms of
ELEPHANTISISIS
Asymptomatic Phase
worm matures in 6-8 months –> male+female release microfilariae (10yrs)
Inflammatory / Acue Phase
worms in LYMPH CHANNELS disrupt lymph
lymphedema / fever / chlls / skin infection / tender skin
lessen after 5-7 days
OBSTRUCTIVE / CHRONIC PHASE
thickening skin / enlargement
kidney damage / proteinura / haematuria
GIARDIASIS
Type of Parasite / Etiologic Agent / Mode of Transmission
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
From:
Giardia Lamblia = Flagellate“Old Man”
Transmission:
WATER-BORNE DISEASE
Cyst (Spore) -> eXcystation -> trophozoite -> eNcystation
TOXOPLASMOSIS
Type of Parasite / Etiologic Agent / Mode of Transmission
BLOOD PROTOZOA
From:
Toxoplasma Gondii
Transmission:
CATS & SMALL RODENTS
Cats ingest cysts in raw food (meat) –> DE-cystation in Small Intestine
Gametocytes** –> fertilize into **OOCYSTS –> ecreted into LITTER
VVV
OOCYTES enter HUMANS –> release SPOROZOITES –> small intestine
enter MACROPHAGES & divide –> form CYST
infected cells BURST & release –> TACHYZOITES** –> **MUSCLE & NERVE CELLS
Which Parasite?
Vector = FOOD/WATER
AMEBIASIS & GIARDIASIS
Intestinal Protozoa
AMEBIASIS
Type of Parasite / Etiologic Agent / Mode of Transmission
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
From:
Entamoeba Histolytica
Transmission:
Oral - Fecal
Cyst (Spore) -> eXcystation -> trophozoite -> eNcystation
- *Internal Parasites**
- *Which are PROTOZOA?**
PROTOZOA
Intestinal = Amebiasis / Giardiasis
Luminal = Trichonomiasis
Blood = Malaria / toxoplasmosis
Which Parasite?
Vector = MOSQUITO
ELEPHANTISIASIS
helminth, worm grows inside human –> lymphatic system
Which Parasite?
Vector = CAT
TOXOPLAMOSIS
Blood protozoa
Cats eat infected mice or other raw meats containing the parasite
Treatment for
AMEBIASIS
treatment is THE SAME for GIARDIASIS
- *IODOQUINOL**
- NOT FOR CHRONIC*, only for acute
Metronidazole
metabolic reduction of NITRO group –> binds to parasite DNA
Chronic & Acute Amebiasis
TRICHOMONIASIS
Type of Parasite / Etiologic Agent / Mode of Transmission
LUMINAL PROTOZOA
From:
Trichomonas Vaginalis = flagellate
Transmission:
VAGINAL - Sexually Transmitted
Prostatic Secretions & urine
organism _DOES NOT ENCYST,_ stays inside vagina
Internal Parasites
Which are HELMINTHS?
Helminth
ELAPHANTIASIS
Life Cycle of
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
&
Which are Intestinal?
AMEBIASIS** & **GIARDIASIS
CYST = SPORE
Dormant Stage
VVV
EXYSTATION
VVV
Trophzoite
VVV
Encystation
VV
Back to Human as a CYST
- *Giardiasis = Lambliasis –> SYMPTOMS**
- *Acute vs Chronic**
- *Acute Giardiasis**
- *ab pain + frequent diarrhea**
Chronic Giardiasis
same + mal absorption + lactose intolerance
_unlikes AMEBIASIS_
there is no Blood in stool / FEVER / EXTRA-INTESTINAL stuff
Treatment for:
Elphantisiasis=Lymphatic Filariasis
IVERMECTIN
from avermectin, actino mycete macrocyclic lactones
also used to treat:
river blindness
Amebiasis Symptoms
Acute vs Chronic
Acute Amebiasis
Ab Pain + frequent BLOODY dystentery w/ necrotic mucosa + FEVER
Limited to:
small & large intestine
Chronic Amebiasis
RECURRENT bloody + mucoid dysentery + intervening constipation
EXTRA-INTESTINAL
liver / lung / Brain
Abscesses / hepatitis / pneumonia / encephalitis
- *Toxoplasmosis**
- *SYMPTOMS & COMPLICATIONS**
rarely produces symptoms
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
generalized PARASITEMIA –> brain / liver / lung / other / death
PREGNANT WOMEN
Cogngenital Infections / Miscarriage
Brain/Eye damage to fetus
mental retardation in babies
Which Parasite?
has NO vector
TRICHONOMIASIS
Luminal Protozoa
Parasite lives in the VAGINA, does NOT become a cyst
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
