20-Modern Industrial and Commercial Practice Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 scales of production?
A
- Bespoke/One-off
- Batch
- Mass/Continuous
2
Q
Outline bespoke/One-off production
A
- Individually designed and manufactured products
- More expensive and lengthy process and materials and processes will be specialised to each product
3
Q
Outline Batch Production
A
- Products/ components are made in groups all using the same manufacturing processes
- This minimizes the set up costs of the manufacture
- Jigs, Fixtures, and CNC machines are frequently used in batch production as they will increase the accuracy and uniformity of manufacture
4
Q
Outline mass/continuous production
A
- Focus’ on divisions of labour meaning that workers will only carry out a singular process in the system
- Linear nature
- An example of a product that is mass produced would be the IKEA Billy Bookcase
5
Q
Outline Vertical In-house Production
A
- Means that a company will own its whole supply chain
- This reduces the risk of component price increases and makes it easier to implement quality control systems
- However it can cause a reduction in flexibility of products
6
Q
State 4 factors that can dictate the choice of material for a product
A
- Cost
- Typical material form
- Processes
- Scale of Production
7
Q
State 2 ways in which design can cause an economic use of materials
A
- The use of nesting when using wasting processes
- Products can be designed with material stock forms taken into account which can reduce excess material
8
Q
Give one example where design caused a more economic use of materials
A
- The amount of raw material used in glass bottles has been reduced by 30% since the 1980s by reducing bottle thickness
9
Q
Why is accuracy and uniformity important in reducing waste?
A
- Many products must fit perfectly in order to function, therefore if manufacture is not accurate then it can cause large parts of products to be wasted
10
Q
State a manufacturing process that can help reduce waste
A
- CNC machines such as CNC routers reduce the risk of human error in manufacture and will also produce exactly the same product each time
11
Q
State 3 ways in which the use of computer systems can help plan and control
A
- Planning and control systems can be used to organise complex manufacturing processes
- Barcodes can be used to provide a reliable transfer of information in regards to stock for example
- Spreadsheets and statistics are available to analyse and improve systems
12
Q
What is Just-in-Time (JiT) Manufacture ?
A
- Ordering materials and components when products are ordered as opposed to stockpiling inventory
13
Q
State two JiT manufacture strategies
A
- Increased manufacture and worker cooperation
- The use of electronic stock control systems
14
Q
Outline one companies use of JiT manufacture
A
- In the 1980s Harley_Davidson converted to JiT manufacture in order to combat the effects of stockpiling products
15
Q
What 3 negatives did Harley-Davidson find about stockpiling?
A
- Higher than necessary material costs
- Large Storage requirements
- Damage of stock
