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Product Design > 19-The Use of Finishes > Flashcards

19-The Use of Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Purposes of finishes?

A
  • Prevent material from absorbing moisture
  • Protect material from decay or corrosion
  • Protect against insect attack
  • Enhance the appearance
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2
Q
  • Name 6 Paper and Board Finishing Processes
A
  • Lamination via Encapsulation
    Lamination via Surface Coating
  • Embossing
  • Debossing
  • UV Varnishing
  • Spot Varnishing
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3
Q

Paper and Board Finishing Processes:
1 - Lamination via encapsulation
2 - Lamination via surface coating

A

1 - Paper is encapsulated in a polymer pouch which is the heated to form around the paper
2 - Liquid lamination, often used for signs

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4
Q

Paper and Board Finishing Processes:
1 - Embossing
2 - Debossing

A

1 - Gives a raised effect on the surface of the board to give a visual and textured effect
2 - Produces an imprinted depression that sits below the surface level of the board

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5
Q

Paper and Board Finishing Processes:
1 - UV Varnishing
2 - Spot Varnishing

A

1 - Applied to a sheet using rollers, then passed under UV light to cure. Abrasion and Chemical resistant
2 - Applied to specific regions of the board as opposed to the whole thing. Used to enhance colours

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6
Q

Name 4 Paper and Board Printing Processes

A
  • Screen Printing
  • Flexographic printing
  • Lithographic Printing
  • Digital Printing
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7
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Screen Printing

A
  • Multiple screens will be designed with open areas that let the pigment through
  • A different screen is required for each different colour
  • A squeegee will be used to spread the ink around the screen
  • Slow process so usually used in smaller scale production
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8
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Flexographic Printing

A
  • Uses a 4 colour process: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black): (CMYK)
  • Uses water based inks and colours are printed on top of one and others in various quantities to produce a given colour
  • Used in newspapers, catalogues, comics
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9
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Lithographic Printing

A
  • Most versatile printing process
  • Can use CMYK colours + a metallic colour, Spot varnishing, and printing on both sides
  • Used mainly for longer print runs like books and documents
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10
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Digital Printing

A
  • Directly printing a digital image
  • Can be done on high and low print runs just as effectively
  • Very fast drying ink
  • Used in leaflets, business cards
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11
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Advantages of Flexographic Printing

A
  • Low maintenance and equipment costs
  • High Print speed
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12
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Disadvantage of Flexographic Printing

A
  • Can be very time consuming to make any alterations to the print content
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13
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Advantages of Lithographic Printing

A
  • Consistent high quality imaging
  • Very fast and efficient printing process
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14
Q

Paper and Board Printing Processes: Disadvantage of Lithographic Printing

A
  • High set up and running costs if printed in small quantities
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15
Q

Name 3 polymer finishing processes

A
  • Overmoulding
  • Acrylic Spray Paints
  • Pigments
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16
Q

Polymer finishes - What type of material is used for Overmouldings?

A
  • Elastomers
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17
Q

Polymer finishes - What two benefits do Overmouldings have?

A
  • Can provide areas of grip or texture
  • Can add additional colours
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18
Q

Polymer finishes - What are the two methods of Overmoulding?

A
  • Two injection moulding moulds
  • Twin shot injection moulding
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19
Q

Polymer finishes - Overmoulding - Two injection moulding moulds

A
  • One mould for the product and one for the grip areas
  • Product is injection moulded, then placed into the second mould where the overmoulding polymer is injection moulded onto the body
20
Q

Polymer finishes - Overmoulding - Twin shot injection moulding

A
  • Polymer and Overmoulding applied in one process
  • Mould will have two cavities for injection
  • Main product part is moulded using the initial mould, the mould will then rotate 180 degrees to the secondary position where the second injection is applied
21
Q

Polymer finishes - Outline the use of Acrylic spray paints

A
  • Fast drying paint that becomes water resistant when dry
  • Improves aesthetics and can provide protection from UV light
  • Used often on polymer car parts like bumpers or wing mirrors
22
Q

Polymer finishes - Outline the use of pigments

A
  • Added to the liquid polymer during the manufacturing process
  • Smart pigments can be used (e.g. thermochromic pigment)
23
Q

Name 10 Metal Finishes

A
  • Acrylic Paints
  • Electroplating
  • Polymer dip coating
  • Galvanising
  • Powder coating
  • Metal varnishing
  • Sealants
  • Preservatives
  • Anodising
  • Cathodic protection (Sacridicial anodes)
24
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Acrylic Paints

A
  • Often used on lower cost metals like steel
  • Metal is first cleansed and degreased before the primer is applied
  • Red oxide primer is common
  • Can be applied using a brush or a spray
  • Provides enhanced aesthetics and can create a barrier against corrosion
25
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Electroplating

A
  • Metal placed into an electrolyte solution with a donor metal
  • As the current is applied the main metal will attract the donor metal and will form a coating around the original metal
  • Gives a protective layer and enhanced aesthetics
26
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Polymer dip coating

A
  • Metal is heated to 230 degrees celcius
  • Then the metal is dipped into a container containing fine polymer granules
  • The temperature of the metal causes a layer of polymer to melt around the metal
  • Used often to soften metal edges, on coat hangers so the end of the wire isn’t sharp
27
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Galvanising

A
  • Steel is dipped into molten zinc
  • This is done as zinc is less corrosive than steel so will provide protection
  • Used frequently in car bodies to stop the effects of weathering
28
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Powder coating

A

-The metal is negatively charged, and the polymer is positively charged.
- The powder is then sprayed through a spray gun causing a strong attraction
- The metal will then be baked in an oven to melt the polymer in an even coating
- Protection from corrosion and gives aesthetic appeal
- Used on fences and railings

29
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Metal Varnishing

A
  • The metal is polished to a shine and any grease is removed
  • A varnish will then be applied via brush or spray
  • Provides corrosion protection for the metal whilst the colour of the base metal can still be seen
30
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Sealants

A
  • Sealant is applied using a cloth to produce a film around the metal
  • This is then cured
  • Creates a very strong polymer based coating
  • This is often use to combat the effect of weathering in the automotive industry
31
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Preservatives

A
  • Applied by cloth, spray, or submersion
  • Often used on moulds and dies to prevent decay
  • Not necessarily long term
  • Will often be frequently reapplied
32
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Anodising

A
  • Uses electrolysis to build up the oxide layer on the surface of the metal
  • This oxide layer is then often secured with a clear varnish to provide further protection
  • Commonly used in aluminium to enhance the natural oxide layer
  • Can also provide colour
33
Q

Metal Finishes - Outline the method and purpose of: Cathodic Protection - Sacrificial anodes

A
  • Anodes of a more reactive metal are placed around the surface of a metal
  • This will cause them to react to molecules in the environment and corrode first, therefore prolonging the life of the Product
  • Often used on large boats
  • They can be continuously reapplied
34
Q

State and explain the 3 ways in which natural wood degrades?

A
  • Wet Rot: Moisture within the wood causes the fibres to break down and causes a fungal spread the wood becomes soft, wet, and crumbly
  • Dry Rot: Fast spreading fungus causes the wood to turn to a dry powdery state.
  • Insect attack: Many insects will lay their eggs in wood. The larvae will then eat into the wood forming tunnels
35
Q

What needs to be done to the wood before applying a wood finish?

A
  • Ensure the surfaces are smooth by planing or sanding
  • Make sure all dust is removed from the surface
36
Q

Name 9 wood finishes

A
  • Acrylic Varnish
  • Water based paints
  • Stains
  • Colour Wash
  • Wax
  • Yacht Varnish
  • Danish Oil
  • Teak Oil
  • Pressure Treating
37
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Acrylic Varnish

A
  • Several thin coats applied with a brush.
  • Glass paper often used to rub down between coats
  • Produces a clear protective finish
38
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Water Based Paints

A
  • Predominantly used for aesthetic purposes however does provide slight protection from moisture
  • Knotting solution should first be applied to knots to stop them from releasing resin that may disrupt the finish of the paint
  • Primer and undercoat should be used
39
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Stains

A
  • Applied with a brush, roller, or spray
  • Only Aesthetic benefits
  • Often used to make cheaper wood look more expensive
40
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Colour Wash

A
  • Colour applied using a wet sponge
  • Provides colour while grain still being visable
  • Often described as providing a ‘vintage’ aesthetic
41
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Wax

A
  • Applied with a brush, and then buffed with a lint free cloth once dry
  • Clear glossy finish that provides surface hardness and toughness
42
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Yacht Varnish

A
  • Applied with a brush or spray
  • Suitable for wood that is outside all year round
  • Increases hardness, toughness , and weather protection
43
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Danish Oil

A
  • Applied with a lint free cloth in the direction of the grain
  • Leave to dry for 5 mins then wipe away any excess oil
  • This process is repeated multiple times with light sanding occurring between each coat
  • Used often on indoor furniture to maintain the natural appearance of the timber
44
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Teak Oil

A
  • Apply with lint free cloth in the direction of the grain
  • Leave to soak in for 5 mins then wipe away any excess
  • Used for naturally oily woods
  • Used for outdoor woods for increased weather and insect protection
  • Enhances the aesthetics of the natural grain
45
Q

Wood Finishes - Outline the Method and Purpose of: Pressure treating

A
  • Wood is held in a pressure chamber with copper sulphate and other preserving salts
  • The pressure forces the preservative deep into the wood fibres
  • The wood is then Steam dried
  • Long term wood protection often used in deckings or bridge construction
  • Protects wood for up to 50 years from rot, insect and fungal attack, and weathering

Product Design (28 decks)

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