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Vana 102: 12.2 > 2.0 > Flashcards

2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

The hair type of the fleece
of sheep

A

wool hairs

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2
Q

– the long hair of the
horse –forelock, mane, tail and “feathers”
(behind the fetlock)

A

Long hair

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3
Q

the hair coat of the pig; the cilia
(eyelashes), vibrissae (hairs of the
nostrils) and “beard” (hair of the
submandibular region ) of the goat

A

Bristles

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4
Q

Composed of wool hairs or undercoat of animals bred
for their ability to produce usable fibers

A

wool of sheep

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5
Q

Lacks guard hairs so that the fleece is soft and curly,
made up of long fine hairs

A

Wool of sheep

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6
Q

Has oily feel due to _____, a
product of cutaneous sebaceous glands

A

lanolin

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7
Q

– acquired from sheep (merino and
rambouillet)

A

commercial wool

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8
Q

– compound hair follicles with single primary hair
and a group of smaller secondary hairs

A

dog

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9
Q

single follicles grouped in clusters

A

pigs

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10
Q

single follicle with primary guard hair surrounded
by clusters of compound follicles

A

cat

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11
Q

– hoof pads or bulbs are comparable to the
digital pads of carnivores

A

ruminant

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12
Q

at medial canthus of eye, larger in rams
than in ewes; used for marking

A

infraorbital pouches

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13
Q

– on the midline above the hoofs between
the digits of all four feet; used as trail markers

A

interdigital pouches

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14
Q

near the base of the udder or scrotum

A

inguinal pouches

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15
Q

– caudal to the base of the horn, secretion is
increased during breeding season and especially pungent in
bucks

A

horn glands

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16
Q

two glands below the tail responsible for
the bucks characteristic smell

A

Sub-caudal glands

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17
Q

on the mediopalmar aspect of the
carpus; Produce sexual pheromones, marking the
sow during mating

A

carpal glands

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18
Q

wart-like skin eminence on
the chin; has both tactile and secretory (marking)
functions

A

Mental (chin) glands

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19
Q

– in all domestic species; in the wall
of the external auditory canal; produce “ear wax”
which protects the tympanic membrane from foreign
bodies

A

ceruminous glands

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20
Q

– only in cats; in the skin
around the mouth esp the lower lip; called “cleaning
glands” but functional significance is probably for
marking

A

Circumoral/ Perioral glands

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21
Q

– secretions mix with degenerated cells
to form a substance called smegma in horses

A

Preputial glands

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22
Q

predominant in man
 Restricted in the footpads of carnivores, frog of the
horse, nasolabial region of ruminants and swine, and
carpus of pig

A

eccrine sweat glands

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23
Q

Function relates to territorial markings and
thermoregulation

A

eccrine sweat glands

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24
Q

predominates in domestic
species

A

apocrrine sweat glands

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25
Q

Distributed throughout the skin, ducts open into hair
follicles

A

apocrine sweat glands

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26
Q

Can be found over the entire bodies of farm animals,
including the horse, cow, sheep, pig although sparse

A

sweat glands

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27
Q

Planum nasolabiale

A

cow

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28
Q

Planum nasale

A

sheep

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29
Q

Planum nasale

A

pig

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30
Q

is rich in protein and will foam when agitated
by working mucles.

A

equine sweat

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31
Q

term designating all the mammae in the
ruminants and the horse (sometimes in sow)

A

udder

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32
Q

the four parts of the bovine udder each
associated with one teat; all four quarters are
completely seperated from each other

A

quarters

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33
Q

– external indication of the
separation of the two halves of the udder

A

intermammary groove

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34
Q

: usually 10 mammae; 5 (4-6) mammary
complexes on each side separated by an intermammary
groove

A

bitch

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35
Q

8 mammae, four on each side of the ventral
adominal wall

A

queen

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36
Q

14 (10-18) mammae; seven on each side
 Cow : 4 mammae, Two (quarters) on each side, all
bound together to form an udder

A

sow

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37
Q

: 2 mammae forming a pendulous udder
 Mare : 2 mammae forming a small udde

A

goat and sheep

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38
Q

teats; usually have the same number as females

A

males

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39
Q

extra teats may or may not be connected to primary
mammary gland tissue in both male and female

A

accessory teats or supernumerary teats

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40
Q

found caudal to other four but can be between or
cranial to them

A

cow

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41
Q

if found are usually cranial to
scrotum

A

bullas, ram, and bucks

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42
Q

– extra mammae

A

polymastia

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43
Q

the mammary secretion in the first few days
after parturition; with essential nutrients and
immunoglobulins; also has laxative effect to stimulate
the expulsion of the neonates first stool (meconium)

A

colostrum

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44
Q

– inflammation of the mammary gland

A

mastitis

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45
Q

the complete emptying of a quarter;
done before treating the infected quarter.

A

milking out

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46
Q

hoofed animals, farm animals
fall in this category; Artiodactyls – even–
toed ungulates; Perisodactyls – odd–toed
ungulates

A

ungolates

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47
Q

– the visible part of the standing horse’ hoof

A

wall

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48
Q

dorsal part of wall

A

toe

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49
Q

medial and lateral wall parts

A

quarters

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50
Q

the palmar/plantar aspect of wall

A

heels

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51
Q
  • the extension of the wall from the back of the
    foot towards the toe; seen on either side of the frog
    from the ground surface
A

bars

52
Q

– a concave surface facing the ground between the
frog and the walls; medial and lateral angles of the sole
are located between the bars and quarters

A

sole

53
Q

the wedge-shaped structure between the sole,
bars and bulbs; it points towards the toe; often
called the “heart of the horse foot” bec its
compression forces blood out of the foot back
towards the body; homologous with digital pads of
other species

A

frog

54
Q

just proximal and palmar/plantar to the frog

A

bulbs

55
Q

the junction of the hoof and the skin

A

coronet

56
Q

junction bet wall and sole
on the ground surface of foot; external indication of
the sensitive internal structures; landmark in horse
shoeing

A

white line or white zone

57
Q

connects the dermis to the internal
structures of the foot

A

subcutis

58
Q

Highly vascular part of the integument providing
nourishment for the overlying epidermis (hoof)

A

corium or dermis

59
Q

The sensitive part of the foot, it holds the hoof in place

A

corium

60
Q

 Divided into five parts: periople, coronary, laminar, sole
and frog; each has pegs (papillae)extending into the
horny epidermis except the laminar

A

corium

61
Q

Around these pegs (dermal papillae) the epidermis
builds tubular and non-tubular horn

A

corium

62
Q

The vascular subcutis attaches the corium to the
periosteum of the distal phalanx.

A

corium

63
Q

– the dermis of the foot that is
continuous with the dermis of the skin; widens out over
the bulb of the heel; produce the thin , shiny, external
layer of the wall

A

perioplic corium

64
Q

– thick band of dermis just distal to the
perioplic corium located in the coronary groove of the
hoof; provides template for tubular and non-tubular
horn of the walls bulk

A

coronary corium

65
Q

(sensitive laminae) the dermis
connecting the distal phalanx lateral and dorsal sides to
the hoof wall; tightly binds the hoof to corium

A

laminar corium

66
Q

– dermis underlying and nourishing the
horny sole

A

corium of sole

67
Q

dermis underlying and nourishing the
horny frog

A

corium of frog

68
Q

– consist of coronary and perioplic coria
and the germinal layer of the epidermis overlying these
coria

A

coronary band

69
Q

the modified, elastic subcutis under
the coronary band

A

coronary cushion

70
Q

Part of integument overlying the dermis

A

epidermis or hoof

71
Q

the light band marking the
junction bet the hoof and skin

A

perioplic epidermis

72
Q

– middle highly keratinized hoof
wall layer extending distally from the coronary corium
that nourishes it; forms the bulk of the wall of the hoof

A

coronary epidermis

73
Q

– inside layer of the hoof,
interdigitates with the laminae of the dermis

A

laminar epidermis

74
Q

more elastic and not fully keratinized,
wavy and softer

A

frog epidermis

75
Q

– layer of connective tissue joining the dermis
to the coffin bone, cartilages of the hoof and tendons

A

subcutis

76
Q

– wedge-shaped mass of white classic
fibers and fat overlying the frog and attaching to the
cartilage of the hoof

A

digital cushion

77
Q

– two soft prominences behind and above the frog;
with the frog they form the pad of the horse

A

bulb

78
Q

the angle of foot in relation to ground
surface

A

foot/hoof axis

79
Q

– angle of proximal phalanx with relation to
the ground

A

pastern axis

80
Q

– should be equal and form a
continuous line; broken foot-pastern axis manipulated
by horseshoers

A

foot/hoof pastern axis

81
Q

– foot with equal length to the medial and
lateral quarters and heels

A

level foot

82
Q

dorsal angle to
the ground of 60˚ or greater

A

 Club foot, steep foot or upright foot

83
Q

less than 45˚

A

low foot or sloping foot

84
Q

when foot and pastern axis are not the
same from lateral view; increases stress on distal limb;
corrected by shoeing

A

broken foot

85
Q

– broken foot-pastern axis in which the foot
axis is steeper than the pastern axis

A

coon foot

86
Q

– with swelling on the dorsal coronet may
be due to tear of the extensor tendon’s attachment to
the extensor process of the distal phalanx or to low
ringbone

A

buttress foot

87
Q

– with little concavity to the sole

A

flat foot

88
Q

flat foot due to rotation of the distal
phalanx pushing down on the sole

A

dropped foot

89
Q

inflammation of the laminae of
the foot

A

laminitis or founder

90
Q

– a foot with lower quarter than the
opposite foot

A

off-level foot

91
Q

a separation of the epidermal and the
dermal laminae; often due to chronic laminits

A

seedy toe

92
Q

a drainage tract up the dermal laminae and
out the skin above the coronet; result of an infection of
a crack in a white line

A

gravel

93
Q

– a bruise/contusion of the medial angle of the
sole

A

corn

94
Q

a degenerative condition of the frog or lateral
angles of the hoof asso with filth resulting in black
necrotic material

A

thrush

95
Q

a foot that is narrower than normal
in its palmar/plantar aspect

A

Contracted heels

96
Q

lameness due to chronic contracted heels

A

hoof bound

97
Q

chronic inflammation of the lateral cartilages
of the hoof characterized by the draining tracts just
proximal to the hoof

A

quittor

98
Q

– dry feet with cracks in the hoof wall

A

brittle feet

99
Q

breaks in the hoof wall starting from the ground surface
or the coronary border.

A

Toe crack, quarter crack and heel crack (sand cracks) –

100
Q

the epidermis of the wall, sole and heels are
similar to the horse except they have no frog, bars or
secondary laminae

A

hooves

101
Q

the sensitive vascular layer
underlying the hoof consisting of perioplic, coronary,
laminar, sole and bulb dermis

A

dermis or corium

102
Q

the space between the two hooves

A

interdigital cleft

103
Q

highly keratinized cushions on the
palmar/plantar aspect of the foot

A

hoof pads or bulbs

104
Q

– inflammation of ruminants foot

A

foot rot

105
Q

– separation of hoof wall, often following
drying of the hoof

A

hoof cracks

106
Q

wet inflammation of the
interdigital cleft

A

interdigital dermatitis

107
Q

proliferation of tissue in the
interdigital cleft often associated with foot rot and
interdigital dermatitis

A

interdigital fibromas

108
Q

possible and often done in ox

A

removal of a digit

109
Q

a bony core that
projects from the frontal bone of the skull

A

formed over the cornual process

110
Q

– a ring of soft horn that covers the surface of
the horn at the base and extends toward the apex of
the horn; marks the transition between skin and horn

A

espikeras

111
Q

The age of the animal may be estimated by counting
the

A

rings on horns

112
Q

ruminants that lack horns

A

polled

113
Q

the horns are located at the caudolateral end
of head

A

cattle

114
Q

horn are located behind the orbits

A

sheep and goat

115
Q

– the grooves (cornual rings)
on the external surface of the horns; caused by slowing
of growth near the end of gestation and during
lactation; a rough estimate can be made of a cows age

A

pregnacny grooves in cow

116
Q

– sheep and goat; circumferential grooves
on the horn; more distinct than in cow, 9-12 are
produced per year

A

cornual rings

117
Q

can be accomplished by destroying the
corium when only buttons (horn bud) are present in
young animal between 5-10 days old

A

dehorning

118
Q

– as soon as horn bud is palpable by
chemical means, cauterization or surgical excision of
the horn bud and surrounding skin

A

dehorning of calves

119
Q

– use barnes dehorner or a small
saw when the horn has already broken thru the skin for
at least one inch

A

dehorning young cattle

120
Q

– remove the horn close to the
skull proximal to the epikeras so no horn can be
produced after; use saw, horn shears or dehorning wire

A

dehorning adult cattle

121
Q

– best done under
general anesthesia bec of hemorrhage and the
cranium under the horn buds is thin and easily
opened to the brain

A

dehorning of young goat

122
Q

common sequel to dehorning in animals
over 7 months old when cornual sinus already
opened.

A

sinusitis

123
Q

hornlike growths on the medial side of the horses’ limb

A

chestnuts

124
Q

Small projections of cornified epithelium in the center of
the palmar (plantar) part of the fetlock of the horse

A

Ergots

125
Q
A

Vana 102: 12.2 (5 decks)

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