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Biology 150 > 2: Tissues and Integumentary System > Flashcards

2: Tissues and Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

The 4 different types of tissue

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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2
Q

Is epithelium vascular?

A

No. It is avascular

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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelia

A

protection against friction
permits the passage of some substances
secretion
absorption

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4
Q

what are the two cell surface modifications of epithelial cells

A

Microvilli and Cilia

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5
Q

what are the 3 layer classifications of epithelia called

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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6
Q

what are the 3 shapes that epithelial cells can be

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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7
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of simple epithelial tissue

A

allows diffusion of gasses, filtration of blood, secretion, absorption

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8
Q

what are the functional characteristics of stratified epithelial tissue

A

protection against abrasion

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9
Q

what are the 2 functional characteristics of squamous epithelium

A

allows diffusion, acts as filter

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10
Q

what is the shared functional characteristic of cuboidal and columnar epithelium

A

secretion or absorption. May include goblet cells that produce and secrete mucus

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

1 layer of flat cells

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12
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

1 layer of cuboid cells

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13
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

1 layer of columnar cells

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14
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

multi-layered flat cells, but cuboidal at its basal layer

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

multi-layered cuboid cells

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16
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

multi-layered columnar cells

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17
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

1 layer of columnar cells that APPEAR to be multi-layered but are not

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18
Q

transitional epithelium

A

stratified cells that change shape depending on distention of the organ. Accommodates change in liquid levels.

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19
Q

desmosomes

A

disc shaped regions of cell membrane that help bind epithelial cells together. Contain glycoprotein aggregate and extend protein filaments into cytoplasm of adjacent cell to create a double-lock

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20
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

one half of a desmosome. attach epithelial cells to basement membrane

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21
Q

zonula adherens

A

between adjacent cells. Weak glue. Holds layers of simple epithelium together.

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22
Q

zonula occludens

A

permeability barrier between simple epithelium. Strong glue. Chemicals cannot pass between cells

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23
Q

Gap Junctions

A

protein channels that aid in intercellular communication. Allows ions and small molecules to pass.
One of the reason why cardiac muscle fires all at once.

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24
Q

What type of tissue are glands made of

A

epithelium with supporting connective tissue

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25
Q

what are the 2 types of glands

A

endocrine. releases hormones into body.

exocrine. releases chemicals into environment.

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26
Q

what are the 2 structures of exocrine glands

A

unicellular (goblet cells) and multicellular

27
Q

what are the multicellular exocrine gland types

A

simple. few branches. eg. alveoli
compound. many branches. eg. acini in pancreas

28
Q

what are the 3 types of glandular secretion types

A

merocrine, no part of the cell breaks off

apocrine, small part of the cell breaks off

holocrine, whole cell becomes part of secretion and dies in the process

29
Q

what is in the space between connective tissue cells

A

intercellular ground matrix

30
Q

connective tissue cells

A

adipose, mast cells (immune), white blood cells, macrophages, undifferentiated mesenchyme (stem cells)

31
Q

what are 3 connective fibers found in extracellular matrix

A

collagen, reticular, elastic connective tissues. these tissues run through the ground substance.

32
Q

proteoglycan aggregate

A

protein sugar. traps large amount of water.

33
Q

hyaluronic acid

A

a polysaccharide found in proteoglycan aggregate

34
Q

areolar connective tissue

A

loose tissue, acts as a packing material in organs and tissues. Found in hypodermis.

35
Q

dense regular elastic. c.t.

A
36
Q

dense irregular collagenous c.t.

A

multidirectional rigid connective tissue found in scar tissue and innermost layer of the dermis

37
Q

dense irregular elastic c.t.

A

multidirectional strong elastic tissue. found in the aorta walls.

38
Q

adipose tissue

A

has both white and brown types. acts as cushioning and as fuel storage.

white is common type that yellows with age. brown is located around organs and is considered to boost metabolism.

39
Q

reticular tissue

A

tightly packed tissue containing white blood cells and hemopoietic tissues that can filter blood plasma.

40
Q

cartilage

A

contain lacunae that contain nuclei. avascular and has no nerve supply. fed nutrients by the perichondrium which surrounds cartilage that contain fibroblasts that can differentiate into chondroblasts.

41
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

42
Q

what is the makeup of hyaline cartilage, and where is it found in the body?

A

lots of collagen, very dense and is found in the body where strong support and some flexibility are needed. eg. cartilage rings in trachea

43
Q

what is the makeup of fibrocartilage, and where is it found in the body?

A

thick collagen fibers distributed in a proteoglycan matrix. Found where there is a great deal of pressure on joints. Knee, jaw, between vertebrae.

44
Q

what is the makeup of elastic cartilage, and where is it found in the body?

A

elastic and collagen fibred embedded in proteoglycans. Rigid but elastic. Ears, epiglottis.

45
Q

what is the composition of bone?

A

composed of living osteocytes and a mineralized matrix of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate = concrete).

46
Q

what are the two types of bone?

A

compact and cancellous

47
Q

where is cancellous bone found?

A

trabeculae of bone with spaces in between. inside bones

48
Q

where is compact bone found?

A

arranged in concentric circle layers around a central canal which contains a blood vessel. Found on periphery of bones.

49
Q

what is hemopoietic tissue?

A

forms blood cells.

50
Q

what is the purpose of red marrow?

A

Red bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

51
Q

what is the purpose of yellow bone marrow?

A

Yellow bone marrow is made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.

52
Q

where is hemopoietic tissue found?

A

found in bone marrow, both red and yellow.

53
Q

what are two characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

ability to contract, or shorten with force. Moves entire body and pumps blood.

54
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle fibers

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

55
Q

what does skeletal muscle tissue do?

A

most attached to skeletons, but some attached to other types of connected tissue. striated and contracts voluntarily.

56
Q

what does striated mean?

A

marked with long, thin, parallel lines

57
Q

what does cardiac muscle do?

A

muscle of the heart, striated and involuntarily contracts.

58
Q

what does smooth muscle do?

A

muscle associated with tubular structures and with the skin. nonstriated and involuntarily contracts.

59
Q

whats do neurons have the ability to produce?

A

action potentials

60
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neuron?

A

dendrite, cell body, axon.

61
Q

what does the cell body of a neuron do?

A

holds the nucleus of the nerve cell.

62
Q

what does an axon do?

A

conducts impulses away from cell body, usually only 1 per neuron

63
Q

what does a dendrite do?

A

receives impulses from other neurons. Can be many per neuron.

64
Q

what are the different types of neurons?

A

unipolar (invertebrates only), bipolar (1 axon 1 dendrite), or multipolar (1 axon, 2+ dendrites)

Biology 150 (16 decks)

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