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CAPM® in Depth: Certified Associate in Project Management Study Guide for the CAPM® Exam > 2. Project Environment > Flashcards

2. Project Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)?

A

Factors related to the environment either internal or external to the performing organization that can influence and potentially impact the project.

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2
Q

What are Organizational Process Assets (OPA)?

A

Processes or process-related assets of the project-performing organization that can be used to help the project succeed.

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3
Q

Name three types of organizational structures.

A
  • Functional Organizations
  • Project-oriented Organizations
  • Matrix Organizations
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4
Q

What is the role of Project Stakeholders?

A

Stakeholders can be both internal and external to the organization and project, influencing project outcomes.

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5
Q

True or False: Project management is solely influenced by internal factors.

A

False.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a document that authorizes the project and activates the environment to start operating on the project.

A

project charter

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7
Q

What influences project management processes?

A

Enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets.

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8
Q

What is the significance of understanding organizational culture in project management?

A

It influences project selection, management style, team performance assessments, and project policies.

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9
Q

What are the two categories of Organizational Process Assets?

A
  • Processes and Procedures for conducting work
  • Corporate knowledge database for storing and retrieving information
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10
Q

What is the difference between project-friendly and non-project friendly organizations?

A

Project-friendly organizations have high project resource availability and employ full-time project managers, while non-project friendly organizations have little to no project resources and part-time project managers.

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11
Q

List some examples of Enterprise Environmental Factors.

A
  • Organization’s structure
  • Organization’s culture
  • External city culture conditions
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12
Q

What impacts can a project have on its environment?

A

A successful project can change the business-value state of the organization and influence cultural trends.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The organizational culture includes elements such as work environment, management style, policies, and _______.

A

values and vision

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14
Q

How should a project manager adapt their style in relation to organizational culture?

A

The project manager should align their management style with the organization’s culture.

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15
Q

What is the role of the Project Management Office (PMO)?

A

To provide support and systems for project management within the organization.

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16
Q

True or False: Organizational Process Assets can be external to the organization.

A

False.

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17
Q

What is the importance of identifying environmental factors for a project?

A

To manage both positive and negative influences on the project.

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18
Q

What can be found in a Knowledge Database Repository?

A
  • Project files
  • Measurement database
  • Historical information and lessons learned
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19
Q

What are some examples of processes and procedures in Organizational Process Assets?

A
  • Standardized processes and procedures
  • Standard guidelines and criteria
  • Templates
  • Requirements
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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The core difference between EEF and OPA is that _______ are internal to the organization, while EEF can be either internal or external.

A

organizational process assets

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21
Q

What does the term ‘influence’ refer to in project management?

A

A force that affects a project, leading to various impacts.

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22
Q

What elements constitute the project environment?

A
  • Enterprise environmental factors
  • Organizational process assets
  • Project stakeholders
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23
Q

What are systems in project management?

A

Tools and facilities specialized or suitable for performing project management effectively, such as project management information systems.

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24
Q

What is the key word regarding project resources?

A

Availability.

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25
What must a project manager understand for project success?
The organizational structure.
26
What are the main organization types discussed in the context of project management?
* Functional Organizations * Project-oriented Organizations * Matrix Organizations * Hybrid Organizations
27
What characterizes a functional organization?
Each functional department operates independently, with all authority vested in functional managers.
28
In a functional organization, who typically reports to the functional manager?
Members of each department.
29
What challenges do project managers face in functional organizations?
Limited authority over resources and accountability.
30
What are attributes of a project manager in a functional organization?
* Part-time role * Little or no authority * Reports to a functional manager * Little or no administrative staff * Limited project resources
31
What defines a project-oriented organization?
Structure is largely organized around projects with most resources devoted to them.
32
In a project-oriented organization, what is the project manager's authority like?
High authority and autonomy over the project team.
33
What are attributes of a project manager in a project-oriented organization?
* Full-time role * Full authority over the project team * Full-time administrative staff * High availability of project resources
34
What characterizes a matrix organization?
Organized into functional departments with project teams that include members from different departments.
35
How are matrix organizations categorized?
* Strong matrix * Weak matrix * Balanced matrix
36
What is a hybrid organization?
An organization that contains elements of multiple organizational structures, such as functional, matrix, and projectized.
37
What influences do multi-divisional, organic, and virtual organizations have on projects?
Similar to functional organizations with part-time project managers and limited authority.
38
What is a Project Management Office (PMO)?
An entity responsible for providing centralized support, control, or directives for projects in the organization.
39
What are the types of PMOs based on control and influence?
* Supportive PMO * Controlling PMO * Directive PMO
40
What is the role of a supportive PMO?
Provides templates, information, best practices, and training with low control over projects.
41
What are project stakeholders?
Individuals and organizations whose interests are affected by the project execution and completion.
42
What are the two broad categories of project stakeholders?
* Positive stakeholders * Negative stakeholders
43
Why is it important to identify project stakeholders early?
To manage their different and conflicting expectations.
44
Who are some key project stakeholders?
* Project Management Office (PMO) * Project Team * Program Manager * Portfolio Managers * Functional Managers * Operational Management * Sellers and Business Partners * Customer/User * Project Sponsor
45
What function does a project sponsor serve?
Provides financial resources and champions the project.
46
What is the significance of stakeholder influence in project management?
Stakeholders can impact project outcomes positively or negatively, affecting project success.
47
What is the role of a project manager in relation to the project team?
To lead the project team to meet project objectives aligned with the company’s strategic objectives.
48
Who are considered key stakeholders in a project?
Project sponsors, project team members, customers, and end-users.
49
What is the primary keyword to remember when dealing with stakeholders?
Influence.
50
True or False: The project management team is the same as the project team.
False.
51
What does the project manager's area of influence include?
* Project team * Offices and managers within the performing organization * Supplies * End-users and customers * Other stakeholders
52
What is crucial for effective communication in project management?
Clarity of language to convey the message accurately and effectively.
53
What should a communication strategy address?
* What needs to be communicated? * With whom to communicate? * How to communicate? * Expected and real outcomes of communication.
54
What are the three components of the PMI talent triangle?
* Technical project management skills * Leadership skills * Strategic and business management skills
55
Define technical project management skills.
The ability to effectively apply project management knowledge to deliver the planned project objectives.
56
What is the importance of strategic and business management skills?
To align project outcomes with the company’s strategic objectives.
57
What are the three levels of strategic and business management skills?
* Organization level * Project level * Alignment level
58
What is the primary leadership style necessary for project managers?
Managing by leadership rather than authority.
59
List some qualities of good leaders in project management.
* Visionary * Team Builder * Positive and Optimistic * Social Personality Traits * Collaborative and Conflict Resolver * Effective Communicator * Pro-integrity * Hands-on Skills
60
What is negotiation in the context of project management?
A give and take process aimed at generating a win–win outcome for both parties.
61
What is influencing in project management?
Getting individuals or groups to do what you want them to do without having formal authority.
62
What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
Identify the Problem.
63
Fill in the blank: The ability to tailor tools, techniques, and methods according to the needs of the project is called _______.
Tailoring.
64
What is the goal of problem solving in project management?
To identify and solve project-related problems to help the project succeed.
65
What should you do after implementing a solution in the problem-solving process?
Verify the effectiveness of the implemented solution.
66
What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
Identify the problem or opportunity
67
What does the evaluation step in the problem-solving process involve?
Assess the multiple solutions and choose the best one
68
What is the purpose of the project manager’s talent triangle?
Ensure project managers have strategic and business management skills
69
What are the four triggers for project initiation?
["Meet legal, regulatory, or social requirements", "Satisfy stakeholder requests or needs", "Implement or change business or technological strategies", "Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services"]
70
What is a project business case?
A document that makes the case for a project from a business perspective
71
What does the business need component of the project business case include?
Summary of business assessment and the business problem or opportunity
72
What is performed during the business analysis of the situation?
Identify origins of the business problem and perform a gap analysis
73
What are the basic options addressed in a business case?
["Do nothing", "Do the minimum", "Do more than the minimum"]
74
What does the recommendation component of the business case include?
Recommended option, constraints, dependencies, and success factors
75
What is the purpose of the project benefit management plan?
Describe what, when, and how project benefits would be delivered and measured
76
What are key questions answered in the project benefit management plan?
["What are the project’s target benefits?", "What is the benefit delivery timeframe?", "Who is the benefit owner?", "What are the metrics for measuring benefits?", "What are the key assumptions and risks?"]
77
How is project success defined?
By the degree of meeting the project objectives
78
What is Return on Investment (ROI)?
The percentage profit from the project
79
How is Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) calculated?
By dividing the benefit by the cost
80
What does Net Present Value (NPV) represent?
The present value of future cash inflows minus current and future cash outflows
81
What is the Payback Period (PBP)?
The duration of time required to recoup the original amount of investment
82
What does Internal Return Rate (IRR) indicate?
The interest rate at which the net present value of cash flows equals zero
83
What does cash flow refer to?
The money coming in and the money going out of an organization
84
What is opportunity cost?
The cost of selecting one project over another due to resource scarcity
85
What is expert judgment in project management?
Relying on expert advice to make decisions
86
What are some sources of expert judgment?
["Senior management", "Project stakeholders", "Consultants", "Subject-matter experts", "The project management office (PMO)"]
87
What is the main caution regarding expert judgment?
It can be subjective and may include political influence
88
What document formally authorizes a project?
Project charter document issued by the project sponsor
89
What is expert judgment used for in project management?
It can be used in many processes, such as developing a project charter. ## Footnote Expert judgment can be obtained through individual consultation, interview, survey, or panel group discussion.
90
What are enterprise environmental factors (EEF)?
They are environmental factors that can be internal or external to the organization, such as organizational structure and culture, or external laws. ## Footnote EEFs influence how the performing organization does its business.
91
What are organizational process assets (OPA)?
They are internal to the organization and consist of processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge database repositories.
92
What is the project manager's authority over organizational policies?
The project manager cannot change policies and procedures but can add to the knowledge databases.
93
How does the project environment influence the project?
The project is influenced by its environment, and in turn, it can influence back some element of the environment.
94
What are the two project management business documents created from the organization's business need?
1. Project business case 2. Project benefit management plan
95
What document authorizes a project?
Project charter
96
In which project lifecycle stage is the project charter produced?
Initiating stage
97
In which organizational structure does the project manager have the greatest authority?
Project-oriented
98
In which organizational structure does the project manager have the least authority?
Functional
99
What skills are included in the PMI talent triangle?
1. Leadership skills 2. Technical project management skills 3. Strategic and business management skills
100
True or False: Strategic and business management skills include the ability to draw project delivery strategy from the organization’s business strategy.
True
101
Which organizational structure provides maximum project resource availability?
PMO
102
In which organizational structures is the project manager responsible for achieving project objectives?
All structures
103
What kind of influence can enterprise environmental factors have on projects?
Positive or negative
104
Select the internal enterprise environmental factors.
1. Code of conduct within the performing company 2. Standardized cost estimate data on the company computer system
105
What are the project management business documents?
1. Project charter 2. Project business case 3. Project benefit management plan
106
Which document is issued to authorize a project?
Project Charter
107
Who authorizes the project?
Project sponsor

CAPM® in Depth: Certified Associate in Project Management Study Guide for the CAPM® Exam (14 decks)

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