2 Part IV Flashcards
Crackles and low pulse oximetry measure indicate that the patient needs better ventilation and secretion clearance due to the recent surgery. Bronchopulmonary hygiene, include:
postural drainage, percussion, vibration, suctioning, and incentive spirometry, are beneficial in treating and preventing postoperative atelectasis.
An abnormal lymph node can range in feeling from
firm to hard, be mobile or nonmobile, and be tender or nontender
Which nervous system complication would indicate the poorest prognosis for a patient with (AIDS)?
multifocal leukoencephalopathy is the most serious, and death occurs in a few months after it is diagnosed.
Patients who have lacunar strokes demonstrate improved
motor recovery as compared to patients who have hemispheric lesions
A patient who has atrophy of the hypothenar eminence of the hand will most likely have the GREATEST difficulty performing which of the following tasks?
Pulling a piece of paper between the pads of the thumb (1st digit) and the index finger (2nd digit) - ulner nerve innervates adductor pollicis.
When treating a patient who has ankylosing spondylitis, which of the following muscles require the MOST emphasis in strengthening exercises?
Back extensors - Trunk ROM exercises & strengthening back extensors to minimize thoracic kyphosis are essential. Persons with ankylosing spondylitis tend to assume flexed postures.
If PT suspects the low back pain is caused by an inflammatory reaction, which question is BEST to ask?
Is your pain constant or intermittent? Constant pain is systemic and mechanical pain generally changes with positions or activities
Excessive upward rotation of the rt scapula is noted when a pt attempts to perform shoulder flexion. Which exercise is MOST appropriate to help correct the excessive scapular rotation?
results from weakness of the rhomboids and latissimus dorsi (downward rotators). The scapular adduction with medial (internal) rotation and adduction of the arm would require action by those muscles
Chronic use of corticosteroids can lead to
calcium loss and osteoporosis. Manipulation should not be applied to areas of the body directly affected by osteoporosis due to risk of fracture
characteristics of venous insufficiency
Edema, brownish discoloration (hemosiderin deposits), and skin contraction in the ankle region
Age-related trophic changes include
decreased flexibility due to a decrease in collagen, increased wrinkles and dryness, and decreased turgor
Trophic changes that can occur with arterial disease
absence of hair and shiny, pale skin
When held supported in standing position, a 14-month-old child with spastic diplegia is up on tiptoes with the toes curled. This position is characteristic of a:
plantar grasp reflex - curling of the toes when a child is held supported in standing position. The reflex is normal up to 9 months of age. Delayed integration of this reflex can result in delayed independent ambulation.
The Moro reflex is exhibited by
upper extremity movement in response to passive positioning of the neck
The ankle-brachial index is
the highest ankle systolic pressure divided by the highest brachial systolic pressure.
Bell Palsy S&S
facial nerve (CN VII) - sudden onset of weakness of the facial muscles on the right side is unable to wrinkle the forehead, smile, pucker the lips, or wrinkle the nose, absence of tearing, corneal reflex is absent, dryness of the mouth, and pinprick and temperature sensation are normal on both sides of the face
increase the likelihood of a compression fracture
Smoking and prolonged steroid use
Decreased perineal reflexes are associated with
cauda equina syndrome
When a patient makes a fist, the head of the third metacarpal is level with the second and fourth metacarpals. This is
This observation describes the Murphy sign, which indicates lunate dislocation
prone instability test
has a positive result when a pt who has pain upon prone segmental palpation of the lumbar spine demonstrates a reduction of tenderness when asked to stabilize the upper body and lift the legs off the ground.implies that the tenderness initially encountered in prone position can be reduced upon activation of the segmental stabilizers of the spine. Determines whether pain can be addressed mainly through lumbar spine stabilization techniques.
Basal cell carcinomas usually occur on
hair-bearing areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, head, ears, or hands. They grow slowly to 1-2 cm after years of growth.
Malignant melanoma can appear
anywhere in the body. It is usually asymmetric, has irregular borders, its colors can be black, brown, red, or white. It is larger than a pencil eraser, and it evolves in shape
early symptom of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Fatigue. Easy bruising and poor wound healing are found at more advanced stages of the disease
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men older than 40 years of age. The onset is
usually sudden, often during the night or early morning. Classic findings are warmth, swelling, and severe pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. May or may not have fever
localized response level (level III) of the Rancho Los Amigos levels
defined as a pt having a localized response and reacting specifically but inconsistently to stimuli. Responses are delayed and directly related to the type of stimulus present.
Generalized response (level II) is defined as
generalized response where a patient reacts non-purposefully to stimuli
Confused-agitated response (level IV)
the state where a patient is at a heightened state of activity
Confused-inappropriate response (level V)
occurs when the patient is able to respond to simple commands fairly consistently
Pt is receiving PT intervention for RA, which is in remission. Which intervention is MOST appropriate?
Strengthening exercises for weak muscles bc/ pt in remission
PT observes a pt from behind during bilateral shoulder abduction and notes that the patient’s rt scapula is more abducted than the lt scapula at the end range of movement. Which condition is the MOST likely cause of the altered scapula position on the right?
restriction of the glenohumeral joint - If the glenohumeral joint is restricted, the scapula has to increase its motion to accomplish the task.
The presence of dyspnea and the pink, frothy sputum would suggest the presence of
heart failure and resultant pulmonary edema. The pt should be positioned with the head up or should be placed in a sitting position to help alleviate the symptoms
pt’s feet erythematous, swollen, and significantly warmer to the touch than the contralateral foot. Denies any pain or trauma. Hx of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic heart failure.
Charcot foot
For a patient with a bilateral transfemoral amputation to maximize balance in a wheelchair, the rear wheels should be positioned more
posteriorly - The center of gravity of a person with bilateral transfemoral amputations is more posterior than the center of gravity of a person with lower extremities intact.
For slight perturbations, most individuals use
an ankle strategy. For larger perturbations, individuals utilize hip and knee muscles to recover the balance. If strong, then use step strategy
The therapist accidentally knocks over the collection reservoir from a chest tube. The therapist should return the reservoir to the upright position and
Hanging the collection reservoir from the side of the bed or securing it to the floor are recommended - keep drainage level below heart level
