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ENT > 2: OSA > Flashcards

2: OSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnea

A

Condition characterised by intermittent and recurrent collapse of small airways during sleep

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2
Q

What is the criteria to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea

A
  1. More than 5 episodes per-hour characterised by polysonography
  2. Symptoms of OSA
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3
Q

In an adult what are 5 risk factors for OSA

A 
Obesity 
Male
Middle-Age 
Smoking 
Alcohol 
Sedative-use
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4
Q

In children what are 2 risk factors for OSA

A

Enlarged Tonsils

Enlarged adenoids

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5
Q

In an adult, what are the 4 symptoms of OSA

A
  • Daytime sleepiness
  • Poor concentration
  • Morning headaches
  • Episodes observed by
    partner
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6
Q

What scale is used to assess daytime sleepiness

A

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

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7
Q

What is an abnormal score on Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale

A

> 10

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8
Q

What is mild epworth daytime sleepiness

A

11-14

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9
Q

What is moderate epworth daytime sleepiness

A

15-18

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10
Q

What is severe epworth daytime sleepiness

A

> 18

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11
Q

In children, how may OSA present

A
  • Snoring
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Enuresis
  • Daytime sleepiness
  • Mouth breathing which can lead to cracked lips
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12
Q

What symptoms may enlarged adenoids

A

Recurrent otitis media. Or chronic otitis media with effusion.

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13
Q

What is first-line investigation for OSA

A

Polysomnography

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14
Q

What does polysomnography detect

A 
Brain waves 
HR
Oxygen
Leg movements 
Eye movements

= all during sleep

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15
Q

how is OSA scaled on polysomnography

A

Apnea-Hypoapnea index

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16
Q

What is first-line management of OSA in adults

A

Lifestyle changes:

  • Weight Loss
  • Smoking cessation
  • Reduce alcohol
17
Q

What is second-line management of OSA in adults

A

CPAP

18
Q

What is the role of CPAP in OSA

A

Positive pressure prevents airways from collapsing

19
Q

What is the problem with CPAP

A

Poor compliance

20
Q

What surgical management may be offered for OSA

A

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)

21
Q

In children what may be used to manage OSA

A

Adenoidectomy

22
Q

What are the indications of adenoidectomy in children

A
  • OSA
  • Recurrent otitis media
  • Recurrent nasopharyngitis
  • Chronic mouth breathing
23
Q

What is the risk with obstructive sleep apnea

A

Increase risk of:

  • HTN
  • Cardiac morbidity
  • Stroke
24
Q

What should all patients with OSA have calculated and why

A

QRISK2 - enable RF modification due to increased risk of cardiac morbidity.

ENT (16 decks)

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