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ENT > 1: Airway obstruction and tracheostomy > Flashcards

1: Airway obstruction and tracheostomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define stridor

A

High-pitched inspiratory noice caused by obstruction of larynx and large-airways

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2
Q

Define stertor

A

Snoring-type noise produced by obstruction of pharynx

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3
Q

Define wheeze

A

Polyphonic expiratory noice caused by lower airway narrowing

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4
Q

What is another sign of airway obstruction

A

Cyanosis

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5
Q

How should airway obstruction be approached

A

A-E

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6
Q

What is the approach for checking airway

A

Look
Listen
Feel

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7
Q

What 4 things are being looked at in airway obstruction

A

Tracheal Tug
IC Recessions
Cyanosis
RR

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8
Q

What is listened for in airway obstruction

A

Stridor, Stertor

Is patient able to speak in full sentences

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9
Q

What is first-line for airway obstruction

A

Oxygen or heliox

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10
Q

What is heliox

A

Helium and oxygen

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11
Q

After giving oxygen in airway obstruction what should be re-assessed

A

Observations

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12
Q

What is then given in airway obstruction

A

Nebulised adrenaline
Contact anesthatist
Airway adjuvancts

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13
Q

What is an endotracheal tube

A

Tube is inserted into mouth and into trachea

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14
Q

What are endotracheal tubes used for

A

Short or Long-term ventillation

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15
Q

What is the problem with endotracheal tubes

A

Requires paralysis

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16
Q

What is emergency needle cricothyroidotomy

A

Wide bore cannula (14G) is inserted through cricothyroid membrane

17
Q

How long can emergency needle cricothyroidotomy sustain life for

A

30-45m

18
Q

When is emergency needle cricothyroidotomy used

A

Upper airway obstruction when endotracheal tube isn’t possible (burns, maxofacial trauma, foreign body)

19
Q

What is a tracheostomy

A

Surgical incision made in the neck and deepened to the trachea

20
Q

What are the 6 causes of acute stridor

A
  1. Anaphylaxis
  2. Foreign Body
  3. Burns (Oedema)
  4. Laryngitis
  5. Epiglottitis
  6. Croup
21
Q

What are the 6 causes of chronic stridor

A
  1. Subglottic stenosis
  2. Laryngomalacia
  3. Vocal cord paralysis
  4. Subglottic hemangioma
  5. Malignancy
22
Q

What are the indications for endotracheal tube

A
  • Respiratory/Cardiac arrest
  • Imminent obstruction
  • Unconscious patient can’t breathe
23
Q

What are contraindications of endotracheal tube

A

C-spine injury
Difficult airway
Severe airway trauma

24
Q

When are nasopharyngeal airways used

A

Patient is semi-conscious or conscious

25
Q

What are two contraindications to nasopharyngeal airway use

A

Epistaxis

Nasal trauma

26
Q

When are oropharyngeal airways used

A

When tongue could compromise airway

27
Q

What are two contraindications of oropharyngeal airway

A
  • Conscious patient (intact GAG reflex)

- Foreign body obstruction pharynx

28
Q

When is a tracheostomy used

A
  • Upper airway obstruction when endotracheal tube is not possible
  • Epiglottitis
  • Maxofacial trauma

ENT (16 decks)

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