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ENT > 2: Nasal Injury and Foreign Bodies > Flashcards

2: Nasal Injury and Foreign Bodies Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 possible MOA for nasal fracture

A
  1. Direct Blow
  2. Clash Heads
  3. Fall
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2
Q

What is the most common mechanism of nasal fracture

A

Direct Blow (eg. punch)

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3
Q

What are 4 clinical features of nasal fracture

A
  1. Black Eye
  2. Facial Swelling
  3. New deformity
  4. Septal haematoma
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4
Q

How will a septal haematoma present

A

Boggy swelling cause nasal obstruction

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5
Q

How is a septal haematoma managed

A

I+D

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6
Q

What needs to be excluded in nasal fracture

A

Head and C-Spine Injury

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7
Q

How should nasal fracture initially be managed

A

Treat epistaxis

Ice

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8
Q

When should nasal fractures be re-assessed

A

5-7d, one swelling has decreased.

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9
Q

If needed, when should manipulation under anaesthesia for nasal fracture be performed

A

10-14d

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10
Q

What is CSF Rhinorrhoea

A

Leakage of CSF caused by disruption ethmoidal bone

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11
Q

What are two possible causes of CSF rhinorrhoea

A
  • Trauma

- Tumour

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12
Q

If CSF rhinorrhoea, what will nasal discharge test positive for

A

Glucose

B2 Transferrin

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13
Q

What is gold-standard level B2 transferrin in CSF rhinorrhoea

A

B2 Transferrin more than 0.5mL indicates CSF

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14
Q

How is traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea managed

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Pneumococcal vaccine
  • Bed-rest for 7-10d, with head at 15-30’ angle
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15
Q

In which population are foreign bodies in the nose more common

A

Children

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16
Q

How will organic foreign intra-nasal bodies present clinically

A

Unilateral purulent discharge

17
Q

How will in-organic foreign nasal bodies present clinically

A

Asymptomatic

18
Q

What is used to examine the nose for foreign bodies

A

Auroscope

19
Q

What is first-line management for foreign nasal body

A

Parental kiss - parent blows in child’s mouth whilst occluding other nostril

20
Q

If parental kiss is unsuccessful, what is second line

A

Crocodile forceps

21
Q

What is the most common cause of septal perforation

A

Septal surgery

22
Q

What is septoplasty

A

reconstruction of deviated septum

23
Q

What is septorhinoplasty

A

aims to straighten and re-fasten nose for cosmetic reasons or to improve breathing

24
Q

What are other causes of septal perforation

A
  • Trauma
  • Inhalants
  • Infection (TB, Syphilis)
  • Churg strauss

ENT (16 decks)

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