2. Nitrofurantoin

Question 1

Nitrofurantoin spectrum of activity

Answer 1

Narrow-sepctrum, only active against urinary pathogens

Question 2

Nitrofurantoin mechanism of action

Answer 2

It damages bacterial DNA and is therefore bactericidal

Question 3

Nitrofurantoin indication

Answer 3

Lower Urinary tract infections

Question 4

Nitrofurantoin label/counselling

Answer 4

Nitrofurantoin should be taken with or just after food

Question 5

Nitrofurantoin side effects

Answer 5

Discolour urine to appear yellow or bine
Causes nausea
Risk of peripheral neuropathy so must be avoided if eGFR is less than 45, as it relies on the kidneys to secrete it into the urinary tract

Question 6

Appropriateness of Nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

Answer 6

Should be avoided at full term (37 weeks) as it can cause neonatal heamolyis.

It is also contraindicated in babies in babies less than 3 months old

Question 7

Nitrofurantoin contraindications

Answer 7

Renal impairment f eGFR is less than 45, as it relies on the kidneys to secrete it into the urinary tract

Pregnancy full term

Babies less than 3 months old