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*Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > 2. Neurophysiology of Emotion > Flashcards

2. Neurophysiology of Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

limbic system functions

A
  1. emotional behavior

2. motivational drives

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2
Q

Elements in the formation and feeling of emotion

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. olfactory areas (para-olfactory)
  3. thalamus, anterior nucleus part of papez circuit
  4. Basal ganglia: nucleus accumbent and putamen
  5. hippocampus
  6. amygdala
  7. Cingulate cortex
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3
Q

hypothalamus role in emotion

A

used to create physiologic response to emotion

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4
Q

what emotion is linked to the parahippicampal region?

A

surprise

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5
Q

amygdala role in emotion

A

association with emotion recognized early, particularly fear & anger

  1. processing & recognition of social cues related to fear
  2. emotional conditioning response to fear
  3. memory of fear
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6
Q

what is an important feature of the cingulate cortex in regards to emotion

A

many neurons show after-discharging

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7
Q

olfactory cortex role in emotion

A

odors as strong stimulus for emotion

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8
Q

thalamus role in emotion

A

relays sensory info into system

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9
Q

basal ganglia role in emotion

A

ties to pleasure and disgust

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10
Q

hippocampus role in emotion

A

links emotion to memory creation, surrounding regions related to surprise

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11
Q

anterior cingulate cortex function and role in emotion

A

higher level control and sadness

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12
Q

emotions of the primitive brain?

A
  1. fear
  2. anger
  3. pleasure
  4. avoidance
  5. sadness
  6. disgust
  7. surprise
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13
Q

what is the correlation between production and identification of emotion?

A

the circuits that allow us to experience an emotion are the same circuits that allow us to identify that emotion in others

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14
Q

what would damage to the mirror neuron system cause?

A

a person who cannot experience an emotion, and also cannot recognize it in someone else

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15
Q

role of the mirror neuron system?

A

imitation and imitative learning, as well as emotional processing

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16
Q

difference between innate (unconditioned) and learned fear?

A

Innate: requires no experience. In animals- olfactory cues; In humans- falling and loud noises

learned: learned from experience

17
Q

how do sensory inputs used to create fear arrive at the amygdala?

A
  1. direct thalamoamygdaloid pathway to lateral nucleus of amygdala - RAPID response
  2. indirect thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid pathway to lateral nucleus of amygdala - DELAYED response
18
Q

What happens when sensory inputs arrive to amygdala?

A
  1. lateral nucleus integrates input (sound and *stimulus)
  2. paired into sent to basal and intercalated nuclei
  3. sent to central nucleus of amygdala- decides what response is required and relays that info appropriately
19
Q

Lesion to amygdala

A

fear is not perceived; therefore, conditioning related to fear does not occur

20
Q

How is anger perceived?

A

mediated through the amygdala via dopamine acting at D2 receptor

21
Q

What areas are responsible for anger suppression/inhibition?

A
  1. neocortex
  2. ventromedial hypothalamic n.
  3. septal nuclei
22
Q

What is the role of the emotion of avoidance and it’s physiological basis?

A

Oppose pleasure/reward pathway to prevent the occurrence of a behavior that has SHORT TERM rewards but LONG-TERM NEGATIVE consequences

23
Q

anatomical features needed in processing avoidance?

A
  1. lateral posterior hypothalamus
  2. dorsal midbrain
  3. entorhinal cortex
24
Q

anatomical features needed in processing sadness?

A
  1. lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

- strong activation when recalling sad events

25
Q

anatomical features needed in processing disgust

A

insular cortex/putamen

  • process and recognition of social cues related to disgust
  • damaged w/ Huntington’s disease
26
Q

anatomical features needed in processing surprise

A

parahippocampal gyrus

-important in detecting novelty or unexpected events

27
Q

how does the anterior cingulate cortex process emotion

A
  • integration of visceral, attentional, and emotional input
  • monitors/detects conflict b/t our “functional” state (right now) and new info that has potential or motivational consequences
  • relays this info to the pre-frontal cortex
28
Q

what area takes in the emotional processing and decides what to do with it/how to respond?

A

pre-frontal cortex

  • ventral: affective function
  • dorsal: cognitive function
29
Q

The ventromedial division of the pre-frontal cortex receives info from where?

A
  1. amygdala- fear & anger
  2. hippocampus
  3. temporal visual association area
  4. dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex
30
Q

The dorsolateral division of the pre-frontal cortex receives info from where?

A
  1. motor areas: basal ganglion, pre and supplementary motor areas
  2. cingulate cortex, esp performance monitoring areas
  3. cortical association areas
31
Q

what are the 3 roles of the pre-frontal cortex in controlling emotion?

A
  1. reward processing (orbitofrontal): amygdala helps link new stimulus to primary reward
  2. integration of bodily signals (ventromedial): “gut-feeling
  3. top-down regulation: especially towards delayed gratification

*Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (27 decks)

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