2: Muscles Of The Arm And Hand, Muscles Of Arm And Hand In Preparation For Massage

Question 1

What is the muscular system?

Answer 1

-produces all movement of the body

Question 2

What does the muscular system do?

Answer 2

• covers the body, gives it shape and holds it erect

Question 3

How many muscles in the body?

Answer 3

• body has over 500 muscles which comprise 40-50 percent of its body weight
• muscles are responsible for producing almost 85% of the bodies heat

Question 4

• What is the Deltoid?

Answer 4

-muscle that covers the top of the humerus (the shoulder)

Question 5

• What is the action of the deltoid?

Answer 5

-abduction of the arm

Question 6

• What are the biceps brachii?

Answer 6

• located on the anterior surface of the upper arm

- major flexors of the elbow

Question 7

• What is the action of the biceps brachii?

Answer 7

-to flex the elbow, lift the forearm and turn palm up

Question 8

• What are the triceps brachii?

Answer 8

• the extensor of the elbow

- only muscle on the posterior surface of the upper arm and attaches at the olecranon process

Question 9

• What is the brachioradialis?

Answer 9

• major muscle on the extensor surface of the arm
• flexes the elbow, assists in pronation and supination
• attaches to the distal aspect of the humerus and the styloid process of the radius
• you should be able to palpate this muscle

Question 10

• What is the Palmaris Longus?

Answer 10

• originates at the medial epicondyle of the humerus
• attaches to the palmar fascia
• flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar fascia
• not present in everyone and sometimes present in only one wrist
• check to see if you have this muscle

Question 11

• What are flexor muscles of the wrist?

Answer 11

• originate at the medial aspect of the distal humerus and is found on the posterior of the forearm
• action is to bend the wrist, draw the hand upwards and close the fingers

Question 12

• What are extensor muscles of the wrist?

Answer 12

• originate at the lateral aspect of the distal humerus and is found on the posterior of the forearm
• action is to extend the arm, the wrist, the hands and the fingers

Question 13

• What are the supinators and pronators of the wrist?

Answer 13

• attach to the radius, ulna and humerus

- action is to supinate and pronate the forearm (turns the hand up or down)

Question 14

• What are the muscles of the hand responsible for?

Answer 14

-abduction and adduction of the fingers and help the hands to grasp objects

Question 15

• Describe the thumbs / thumb muscles:

Answer 15

-consists of the thenar eminence and is found on the radial border of the hand

Question 16

• Describe the little finger (muscles of the hand)

Answer 16

-consists of the hypothecated eminence and is found on the ulnar border of the hand

Question 17

• Describe the central fingers (muscles of the hand)

Answer 17

-consist of the palm and muscles between the metacarpal bones

Question 18

What is the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 18

-a tough band of fascia that is clinically significant because it is involved in carpal tunnel
—a common problem that many clients complain of

Question 19

What is the Palmar aponeurosis?

Answer 19

• the tough fascial structure that covers the entire palm of the hand
• attaches to the longus muscle
• one fourth of the population will be lacking this muscle in the human body

Question 20

Describe the dorsal surface of the hand:

Answer 20

• the long tendons palpable superficially on the dorsal surface are the tendons of the extensor muscles of the fingers
• extend each of your fingers against resistance and locate these muscles
• deep to the extensor muscles are the dorsal interossei muscles which abduct the fingers from the midline

Question 21

Describe the palmar surface of the hand:

Answer 21

Deep to the aponeurosis are the tendons of the muscles which flex the fingers

Question 22

Describe the thenar eminence:

Answer 22

-heavy pad of muscle of the palmar surface of the hand proximal to the thumb
—consists of the muscles that move the thumb

Question 23

Describe the hypothenar eminence:

Answer 23

-smaller pad of muscle on the palmar surface of the hand proximal to the 5th digit (pinkie), distal to the wrist
-consists of 3 muscles
—these muscles are striated tissue and are responsible for taking the body through a range of motions which are under voluntary control
-skeletal muscles are arranged both deeply and superficially within the body depending on their function and action