1: Mani/Pedi Definition & History, Language Of Anatomy, Bones Arm Hand & Wrist Flashcards
What is the definition of a manicure?
-cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands enjoyed by both sexes
What does a manicure treat?
-just the hands, just the nails, or both
What does a standard manicure include?
- filing and shaping of the nails
- application of polish
-specialty manicures (i.e French manicure may also be offered)
What do treatments for hands usually include?
- soaking in a softening substance
- application of hand lotion
Where does the word manicure come from?
-Latin word “manus” meaning “hand” and “cura” meaning “care”
What are examples of various services that can be provided for nails?
- application of artificial nails (nail tips, acrylics, nail gels
- fancier manicures including painting pictures & designs on the nails or applying small decals & imitation jewels
Why is it important to have a well-educated esthetician/ spa therapist?
- skin is being manipulated and sometimes trimmed
- there is risk of infection when tools are used on people
- proper sanitizer ion is critical
How long have people been manicuring their nails for? What did they use?
- more than 4,000 years
- in southern Babylonia solid gold tools were used
How far back /where can finger nail polish be traced back to?
-originating in china in 3,000 BC
What did finger nail colour indicate in China?
indicated ones social status
-according to Ming Dynasty Manuscript, royal fingernails were painted black and red
How did Egyptians use finger nail polish for status?
- used red to show highest social class
- said that cleopatras nails were painted deep red
- Queen Nefertiti went with a flashier ruby shade
How was fingernail polish used in ancient Egypt and Rome?
-military commanders also painted their nails to match their lips before they went off to battle
What were manicures done with in ancient India?
- manicures were done with Henna
- term “mehendi” used synonymously for henna derived from the Sanskrit Mehandrika
What is the definition of a pedicure?
- a way to improve the appearance of the feet and their nails
- manicure for the feet
Where does the word pedicure come from?
- from the Latin words “ped” which means foot and “cura” which means care
- also means the care of feet and toe nails
Why is a pedicure helpful?
-can prevent nails diseases and nail disorders
Describe the history of a pedicure:
- dates back to ancient Egypt
- a carving of a pharaohs official was noted as representing pedicures and manicures
Define articulate:
Where two surfaces come into contact with each other
- Define palpate:
To examine by touch
Define flexion:
Bending- reduces the angle at a joint
Define extension:
Straightening- increase angle at a joint
Define: abduction:
Movement away from the midline
Define Adduction
Movement toward the midline
Define opposition:
Moving the pinkie and thumb toward each other (pinch pinky and thumb)
Define reposition
Return to neutral position
Define supinate
Rotation of the forearm away from the midline (palms up)
Define pronate:
Rotation of the forearm toward the midline (palms down)
Define circumduction:
A movement through all of its axis (complete axis) - not a pure movement
Define superficial
-nearer to the surface
Define intermediate:
Between the superficial and deep structure
Define deep:
Farthest from the surface
Define medial:
Nearer to the median place (midline of the body or structure)
Define proximal:
Nearer to the trunk or point of origin
Define distal:
Farther from trunk or point of origin
Define lateral:
Farther from median plane
Define posterior
Nearer to the back
Define anterior
Nearer to the front
Define inferior
-situated below
Define superior
Situated above
Define prone
Lying face down
Define supine
Lying face up
Define elevation
Raising a structure
Define depression
Lowering a structure
Define rotation
Movement around an axis
Define hyper extension
-movement beyond its normal range
Define ulnar deviation:
Moving the hand medially
Define radial deviation
Moving the hand laterally
Define plantar surface
Sole of foot/ bottom of foot
Define dorsal surface of foot
Top of foot
Define inversion of foot
Movement of sole toward midline (turns inward)
Define eversion of foot
Movement of sole away from the midline (turns outward)
Define plantar surface
-palm of hand
Define dorsal surface of hand
- top or back of hand
- dorsal= pertaining to the posterior
What does the skeletal system provide:
- the framework for the body
- protection, support, locomotion/ movement
How many bones in the body ?
206
What is the hardest tissue of the body?
Bones
Describe the composition of bones
-comprised of cells, blood, & minerals such as calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate
What does “OSS” or “Oste” mean?
Bone
- What are joints or articulations
-these are connections between bones which work with muscles to provide movement
- What are some different types of joints?
- ball and socket (found at the hips and shoulders) / allow wide range of movements in many directions)
- hinge joints are found at the knees and elbows and allow movement mainly in one direction
- What is the humerus
-largest bone of the arm/ upper arm
- What is the Ulna
-the l;after of the two bones of the lower arm (forearm) found on the same side as baby finger
—articulates with humerus to form elbow joint
- What is the radius
Smaller of the two boners in the lower arm (forearm)
—found on thumb side
-called radius because it can rotate around the ulna
Which two bones intersect at the hand to form the wrist?
Radius & Ulna
Where does the radius join to the body?
- at the shoulder
- radius and ulna (articulate together to provide pronation and supination)
- radius and ulna articulate with carpal bones to form the wrist
- What are Carpals?
- this is the wrist
- consists of eight small, irregular bones
- What do carpals do?
-allow flexion and extension of the wrist and ulnar and radial deviation
- What are metacarpals?
-5 bones which makes up the bones of the palm and hand
- What are knuckles?
- when you clench your fist, the heads of the metacarpals become prominent and are called you knuckles
- metacarpals= 5 bones that make up the palm
- What are your phalanges?
-bones of the fingers or digits
- How many phalanges are there?
-14 consisting of 3 in each finger and 2 in each thumb
- Describe the location of the phalanges:
- outermost bones are called distal
- middle bones are called medial
- bones nearest to hand are proximal
- thumb has only distal and proximal phalanges
Anatomy of Radius and Ulna
What is a Colles’ fracture?
- in a fall on an outstretched hand, a fracture of the styloid process at the distal end of the radius may occur
- the fracture process may be displaced posteriorly and is often forced upward or impacted into the shaft of the radius
Anatomy of Right Humerus
- Trochlea
17. Olecranon fossa
What is a green stick fracture?
- the bone breaks incompletely with only one side of the bone breaking and the other bending
- common in children because their bones have relatively more organic than mineral matrix and are therefore more flexible than adult bones
- can occur in any long bone and multiple green stick fractures are often a sign of child abuse
