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Mani-Pedi > 1: Mani/Pedi Definition & History, Language Of Anatomy, Bones Arm Hand & Wrist > Flashcards

1: Mani/Pedi Definition & History, Language Of Anatomy, Bones Arm Hand & Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a manicure?

A

-cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands enjoyed by both sexes

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2
Q

What does a manicure treat?

A

-just the hands, just the nails, or both

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3
Q

What does a standard manicure include?

A
  • filing and shaping of the nails
  • application of polish

-specialty manicures (i.e French manicure may also be offered)

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4
Q

What do treatments for hands usually include?

A
  • soaking in a softening substance

- application of hand lotion

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5
Q

Where does the word manicure come from?

A

-Latin word “manus” meaning “hand” and “cura” meaning “care”

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6
Q

What are examples of various services that can be provided for nails?

A
  • application of artificial nails (nail tips, acrylics, nail gels
  • fancier manicures including painting pictures & designs on the nails or applying small decals & imitation jewels
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7
Q

Why is it important to have a well-educated esthetician/ spa therapist?

A
  • skin is being manipulated and sometimes trimmed
  • there is risk of infection when tools are used on people
  • proper sanitizer ion is critical
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8
Q

How long have people been manicuring their nails for? What did they use?

A
  • more than 4,000 years

- in southern Babylonia solid gold tools were used

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9
Q

How far back /where can finger nail polish be traced back to?

A

-originating in china in 3,000 BC

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10
Q

What did finger nail colour indicate in China?

A

indicated ones social status

-according to Ming Dynasty Manuscript, royal fingernails were painted black and red

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11
Q

How did Egyptians use finger nail polish for status?

A
  • used red to show highest social class
  • said that cleopatras nails were painted deep red
  • Queen Nefertiti went with a flashier ruby shade
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12
Q

How was fingernail polish used in ancient Egypt and Rome?

A

-military commanders also painted their nails to match their lips before they went off to battle

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13
Q

What were manicures done with in ancient India?

A
  • manicures were done with Henna

- term “mehendi” used synonymously for henna derived from the Sanskrit Mehandrika

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14
Q

What is the definition of a pedicure?

A
  • a way to improve the appearance of the feet and their nails
  • manicure for the feet
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15
Q

Where does the word pedicure come from?

A
  • from the Latin words “ped” which means foot and “cura” which means care
  • also means the care of feet and toe nails
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16
Q

Why is a pedicure helpful?

A

-can prevent nails diseases and nail disorders

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17
Q

Describe the history of a pedicure:

A
  • dates back to ancient Egypt

- a carving of a pharaohs official was noted as representing pedicures and manicures

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18
Q

Define articulate:

A

Where two surfaces come into contact with each other

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19
Q
  • Define palpate:
A

To examine by touch

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20
Q

Define flexion:

A

Bending- reduces the angle at a joint

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21
Q

Define extension:

A

Straightening- increase angle at a joint

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22
Q

Define: abduction:

A

Movement away from the midline

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23
Q

Define Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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24
Q

Define opposition:

A

Moving the pinkie and thumb toward each other (pinch pinky and thumb)

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25
Q

Define reposition

A

Return to neutral position

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26
Q

Define supinate

A

Rotation of the forearm away from the midline (palms up)

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27
Q

Define pronate:

A

Rotation of the forearm toward the midline (palms down)

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28
Q

Define circumduction:

A

A movement through all of its axis (complete axis) - not a pure movement

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29
Q

Define superficial

A

-nearer to the surface

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30
Q

Define intermediate:

A

Between the superficial and deep structure

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31
Q

Define deep:

A

Farthest from the surface

32
Q

Define medial:

A

Nearer to the median place (midline of the body or structure)

33
Q

Define proximal:

A

Nearer to the trunk or point of origin

34
Q

Define distal:

A

Farther from trunk or point of origin

35
Q

Define lateral:

A

Farther from median plane

36
Q

Define posterior

A

Nearer to the back

37
Q

Define anterior

A

Nearer to the front

38
Q

Define inferior

A

-situated below

39
Q

Define superior

A

Situated above

40
Q

Define prone

A

Lying face down

41
Q

Define supine

A

Lying face up

42
Q

Define elevation

A

Raising a structure

43
Q

Define depression

A

Lowering a structure

44
Q

Define rotation

A

Movement around an axis

45
Q

Define hyper extension

A

-movement beyond its normal range

46
Q

Define ulnar deviation:

A

Moving the hand medially

47
Q

Define radial deviation

A

Moving the hand laterally

48
Q

Define plantar surface

A

Sole of foot/ bottom of foot

49
Q

Define dorsal surface of foot

A

Top of foot

50
Q

Define inversion of foot

A

Movement of sole toward midline (turns inward)

51
Q

Define eversion of foot

A

Movement of sole away from the midline (turns outward)

52
Q

Define plantar surface

A

-palm of hand

53
Q

Define dorsal surface of hand

A
  • top or back of hand

- dorsal= pertaining to the posterior

54
Q

What does the skeletal system provide:

A
  • the framework for the body

- protection, support, locomotion/ movement

55
Q

How many bones in the body ?

A

206

56
Q

What is the hardest tissue of the body?

A

Bones

57
Q

Describe the composition of bones

A

-comprised of cells, blood, & minerals such as calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate

58
Q

What does “OSS” or “Oste” mean?

A

Bone

59
Q
  • What are joints or articulations
A

-these are connections between bones which work with muscles to provide movement

60
Q
  • What are some different types of joints?
A
  • ball and socket (found at the hips and shoulders) / allow wide range of movements in many directions)
  • hinge joints are found at the knees and elbows and allow movement mainly in one direction
61
Q
  • What is the humerus
A

-largest bone of the arm/ upper arm

62
Q
  • What is the Ulna
A

-the l;after of the two bones of the lower arm (forearm) found on the same side as baby finger
—articulates with humerus to form elbow joint

63
Q
  • What is the radius
A

Smaller of the two boners in the lower arm (forearm)
—found on thumb side
-called radius because it can rotate around the ulna

64
Q

Which two bones intersect at the hand to form the wrist?

A

Radius & Ulna

65
Q

Where does the radius join to the body?

A
  • at the shoulder
  • radius and ulna (articulate together to provide pronation and supination)
  • radius and ulna articulate with carpal bones to form the wrist
66
Q
  • What are Carpals?
A
  • this is the wrist

- consists of eight small, irregular bones

67
Q
  • What do carpals do?
A

-allow flexion and extension of the wrist and ulnar and radial deviation

68
Q
  • What are metacarpals?
A

-5 bones which makes up the bones of the palm and hand

69
Q
  • What are knuckles?
A
  • when you clench your fist, the heads of the metacarpals become prominent and are called you knuckles
  • metacarpals= 5 bones that make up the palm
70
Q
  • What are your phalanges?
A

-bones of the fingers or digits

71
Q
  • How many phalanges are there?
A

-14 consisting of 3 in each finger and 2 in each thumb

72
Q
  • Describe the location of the phalanges:
A
  • outermost bones are called distal
  • middle bones are called medial
  • bones nearest to hand are proximal
  • thumb has only distal and proximal phalanges
73
Q

Anatomy of Radius and Ulna

A
74
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A
  • in a fall on an outstretched hand, a fracture of the styloid process at the distal end of the radius may occur
  • the fracture process may be displaced posteriorly and is often forced upward or impacted into the shaft of the radius
75
Q

Anatomy of Right Humerus

A
  1. Trochlea

17. Olecranon fossa

76
Q

What is a green stick fracture?

A
  • the bone breaks incompletely with only one side of the bone breaking and the other bending
  • common in children because their bones have relatively more organic than mineral matrix and are therefore more flexible than adult bones
  • can occur in any long bone and multiple green stick fractures are often a sign of child abuse

Mani-Pedi (10 decks)

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