2 - Methods to Study Motor Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

def: provides the amount and direction of deviation from the target, used for discrete skills

A

constant error

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2
Q

def: measures the inconsistency or variability in the movement outcome. It is basically the standard deviation of CE, used for discrete skills

A

variable error

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3
Q

def: measure of overall error, gives indication of the amount of spread of the movement across the duration of the trial/performance, used for continuous skills

A

root-mean square error

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4
Q

def: quantifies the magnitude of a signal or set of fata

A

root-mean square

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5
Q

def: time between the onset of a stimulus and onset of a response

A

reaction time

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6
Q

def: only one response choice available

A

simple RT tasks

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7
Q

def: multiple response choices are available and/or multiple stimuli may be presented

A

choice RT tasks

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8
Q

def: interval between the initiation of the response to the completion of the movement

A

movement time

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9
Q

def: the sum of reaction time and movement time

A

response time

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10
Q

def: time for central processing

A

premotor RT

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11
Q

def: used to measure kinetic data

A

force plates

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12
Q

def: used to quantify kinematic data

A

motion capture cameras

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13
Q

def: used to record electrical activity from muscles

A

electromyography (EMG)

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14
Q

def: head mounted mobile systems used to monitor eye movements

A

eye tracking

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15
Q

def: used to study nervous system activity and function

A

neuroimaging, neurostimulation

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16
Q

def: used to assess standing balance, usually uses a force plate

A

posturagraphy

17
Q

def: involves a mechanized platform with an embedded force plate and a visual surround

A

computerized dynamic posturagraphy

18
Q

what are the two categories of performance measure?

A
  1. outcome measure which relates to motor skills

2. production measure which relates to movement components

19
Q

what are the 3 most common ways to assess movement?

A
  • movement error
  • movement magnitude
  • movement time/speed
20
Q

def: visual surround moves forward and backward in direct proportion to the person’s sway

A

surround sway-referenced

21
Q

def: support surface person stands on rotates in direct proportion to the person’s sway

A

support sway-referenced

22
Q

def: position markers are on anatomical locations of a person, there is a system of cameras set up that record the positions of the markers to accurately recreate a 3-D stick man recreating the movement of the person

A

Vicon camera

23
Q

def: electrode is slipped into muscles or onto skin and record impulses

A

electromyography

24
Q

def: records eye movements, can be used to track eye movements when asked particular questions about a scene

A

head mounted eye tracking

25
Q

def: electrode is put into axon within a nerve and records electrical impulses that travel through it

A

microneurography

26
Q

def: microelectrode will record everything within a small range itself, cell sorting the ability to distinguish between impulses of different neurons based on the strength of the recorded impulse

A

cell sorting

27
Q

def: measures the magnetic disturbance induced between oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI)

28
Q

def: measures the magnetic field created by brain activity

A

magnetoencephalography

29
Q

def: array of electrodes placed over scalp that record electrical activity of brain

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

30
Q

what is an example of non-invasive methods of neurostimulation?

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

31
Q

def: by creating a changing magnetic field in the device, an electric current is induced within the brain. By changing where the device is, you can activate different muscles around the body

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

32
Q

what can TMS be used for? (5)

A
  1. map connectivity of cortex
  2. map motor excitability of cortex
  3. can cause virtual lesions
  4. assess plasticity and recovery
  5. rehabilitation of motor function
33
Q

what are the 3 types of transcranial electrical stimulation?

A
  1. direct current stimulation
  2. alternating current stimulation
  3. random noise stimulation
34
Q

none of the transcranial electrical stimulation methods cause triggers explicitly, only increase the _________ __ _______

A

likelihood of impulses