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*GIGU I > 2. Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

2. Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Inguinal Ligament?

A

Basically the rolled-under inferior boarder of external oblique muscle aponeurosis

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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

to the ASIS and Pubic tubercle

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3
Q

What is the conjoint ligament?

A

Combined aponeurosis of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transverse abdominal m
-inserts into pubis

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4
Q

What is the superficial Inguinal ring?

A

External opening within the aponeurosis for spermatic cord or round ligament (for ovary)

Has medial, lateral and intercrural that support and provide stability

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5
Q

Lacunar Ligament

A

Ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament

-anchors inguinal ligament to pubis

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6
Q

Pectineal Ligament

A

Continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along pectin pubis

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7
Q

Where is the Femoral canal?

A

Lies immediately lateral to lacunar ligament, inferior to inguinal ligament

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8
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

It is the entrance to the inguinal canal and beginning of the invagination of peritoneum into transversalis fascia

Where Vas deferens and gonads vessels pass through for males, while round ligament passes through for females

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9
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ligament?

A

superior to inguinal ligament, lateral to inferior epigastric artery

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10
Q

What are the layers of the abdomen and inguinal ring?

A
  1. External oblique aponeurosis
  2. Internal oblique m
  3. Transversus abdominis m
  4. Transversalis fascia
  5. Parietal peritoneum
  6. Inguinal ligament
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11
Q

What is the iliopubic Tract?

A

Thickening of transversalis fascia running posterior to inguinal ligament

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12
Q

Iliohypogastric N

A

L1
-motor to abdominal m (IO and TA)
-sensory to skin above pubis
—hypogastric

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13
Q

Ilioinguinal N

A

L1
-transverse inguinal canal, exits superficial ring lateral to cord

  • motor to abdominal m (IO and TA)
  • sensory to medial thigh and penis/clit, and anterior scrotum/labia
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14
Q

Genitofemoral N

A

L1, L2

  • motor to cremaster m
  • sensory to small part of medial thigh and lateral scrotal/labial fascia
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15
Q

How do the testes descend?

A

Form near T10 and are connected to future scrotal swellings by gubernaculum
-descend along w out-pocketing of peritoneal cavity (processus vaginalis) into future scrotum
—carries vessels and nerves w

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16
Q

How are layers of abdominal wall incorporated into spermatic cord?

A

As testes descend, pulls layers down with

  • transversalis fascia
  • internal oblique
  • external oblique
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17
Q

What is the embrological origin of tunica vaginalis?

A

Remnant of processus vaginalis around testes after peritoneum closes

18
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

Evagination of peritoneal cavity

-usually closes w/in 1st year

19
Q

Crytorchid Testes

A

Undescended testis
-increases risk of developing testicular cancer

Tx: nothing, most resolve

20
Q

Spermatic Cord layers

A

Transversalis Fascia
-internal spermatic fascia

Internal Oblique
-cremasteric m

External Oblique
-external spermatic fascia

21
Q

What is important about the deep inguinal ring?

A

It’s where Vasculature runs to testes, but it is also a site of abdominal weaknesses
-so prone to hernias

22
Q

Spermatic Cord Contents

A 
Vas deferens
Testicular A and V
-panpiniform plexus cools blood
Gonadal N
Gonadal lymph
23
Q

Testicular Varicocele

A

Varicosities of pampiniform plexus

-swelling in scrotum w dull and recurring pain in scrotum

24
Q

Persistent Processus Vaginalis

A

Patent connection between tunica vaginalis and abdomen

25
Q

Hydrocele

A

Peritoneal serous fluid accumulates within tunica vaginalis

-more common in babies, but can happen from trauma

26
Q

Hematocele

A

Accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

27
Q

How do the ovaries descend?

A

Begin descending but gubernaculum becomes attached to developing uterus
-forms ovarian ligament

28
Q

Where does the round ligament of the uterus run?

A

Enters deep ring and exits superficial ring attaching to labial swellings

29
Q

What are the contents of the female inguinal canal?

A

Deep and superficial rings
Medial/lateral crus
Lucanar/pectineal ligaments
Conjoint lig

30
Q

What does the female inguinal canal contain?

A
  • Round ligament of uterus
  • Ilioinguinal N
  • Geniofemoral N
31
Q

Inguinal (Hasselbach’s) triangle

A

Inguinal ligament
-w iliopubic tract behind

Lateral boarder of rectus abdominis

Lateral Umbilical ligament (fold)

32
Q

What is the iliopubic Tract?

A

Thickened transversalis fascia running behind inguinal ligament
-reinforces floor of inguinal canal

33
Q

Direct hernia

A

Medial to inferior epigastric a

-peritoneum fascia alongside the spermatic cord

34
Q

Indirect Hernia

A

Enters deep ring

-peritoneum within spermatic cord

35
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

Below inguinal ligament

36
Q

Is a femoral hernia more in women or men?

A

Women

37
Q

Ventral Hernia Sites

A

Umbilical

Epigastric
-through wall in midline

Spigelian
-through fascia between the abdominal muscles but along the semilunar line of rectus abdominis
—more common in obese people

38
Q

Groin Hernia Sites

A

Inguinal and Femoral

39
Q

What can cause a flank hernia?

A

Due to defects in the posterolateral abdominal wall allowing tissues inside the abdomen to protrude

40
Q

Where does lymph from gonads and scrotum/labia majora drain into?

A

Gonads drain into lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes along suspensory ligament

Scrotum/labia Majora drains into superficial inguinal nodes

*GIGU I (67 decks)

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