#2: Hydrocarbons, Functional Groups, Condensation & Hydrolysis Reactions

Question 1

Carbon

Answer 1

Can form 4 covalent bonds

Can form straight chains, branched chains or ringed molecules

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Contain carbon and hydrogen
Non-polar
Can be saturated (no double bonds- alkanes) or unsaturated (double bonds - alkenes AND/OR triple bonds - alkynes)

Question 3

Functional groups

Answer 3

Definition: reactive cluster of atoms attached to carbon backbone or organic molecules

Determine specific chemical properties of molecule

Ionic/strongly polar

Question 4

Hydroxyl

Answer 4

• OH

ex: alcohols

Question 5

Carbonyl

Answer 5

> C=O

Ex: acetone

Question 6

Carboxyl

Answer 6

-C=O
\
OH

Ex: vinegar

Question 7

Amino

Answer 7

H
    / 
-N
    \
      H

Ex: ammonia (bases)

Question 8

Phosphate

Answer 8

O 
       |
-O-P-O
      ||
      O

Ex: adenosine triphosphate

Question 9

Condensation Reactions

Aka dehydration reactions

Answer 9

Four important molecules formed via this process (anabolic reaction)

• Two functional groups come together
• one group loses hydrogen atom and other loses oxygen and hydrogen atom
• covalent bond formed between functional groups and water is given off

Question 10

Hydrolysis Reactions

Answer 10

Four important macromolecules broken down via this process (catabolic reaction)

• involves separation of 2 subunits
• water breaks covalent bond between functional groups (releases energy)
• one group takes hydrogen and other takes oxygen and hydrogen