2. Grammatical meaning

Question 1

The traditional view is that…the _______ gives meaning

Answer 1

lexis

Question 2

The modern view is that grammar is meaningful, there are _ structures

Answer 2

3
Generative grammar
Functional grammar
Cognitive grammar

Question 3

_________ __________(Chomsky) is not primarily concerned with meaning. It is more like traditional grammar. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965).

Answer 3

Generative grammar

Question 4

__________ ________ (Halliday) is a semantic grammar. Michael Halliday
An Introduction to Functional Grammar (1985)

Answer 4

Functional grammar

Question 5

__________ ________ (Langacker) is a semantic grammar. Langacker
Ronald Foundations of Cognitive Grammar (1987)

Answer 5

Cognitive grammar

Question 6

Finnish has __________ cases expressed throughcase markers (a____________) which appear on noun and modifier Adjectives.

Answer 6

fifteen cases, (agglutination)

Question 7

nominative, genitive and accusative are which type of cases?

Answer 7

basic cases

Question 8

Many meanings which are g_________ in Finnish are l__________ in English.

Answer 8

Many meanings which are grammaticalized in Finnish are lexicalized in English.

Question 9

I__________ is when you go up ↗︎ or down ↘︎ in pitch in language in a meaningful way.

Answer 9

Intonation

Question 10

M______________ in grammatical meaning is like polysemy to lexical meaning.

Answer 10

Multifunctionality in grammatical meaning is like polysemy to lexical meaning.

Question 11

There are four functions of intonation?

Answer 11

attitudinal function
accentual function
grammatical function
discourse function

Question 12

Intonation can express emotion and attitude: happy, sad, proud, pleading.
Which function?

Answer 12

attitudinal function

Question 13

Tonic stress marks the syllable (and therefore the word) which is most important, e.g.

She was wearing a red dress
She was wearing a red dress.

and is independent of word stress, e.g. coat hanger.

Which function?

Answer 13

accentual function

Question 14

In very general terms:
Rising intonation ↗︎ indicates a question
Falling intonation ↘︎ indicates a statement
Fall-rise indicates uncertainty
Rise-fall indicates surprise

Intonation can indicate a restrictive or a non-restrictive relative clause: 
	My sister who lives in ↘︎ Madrid is … 
	My ↘︎ sister, who lives in ↘︎ Madrid, is … 

Which function?

Answer 14

Grammatical function

Question 15

Tonic stress is used to signal ‘information structure’ in discourse by giving focus to certain words.

falling tone ↘︎ usually indicates NEW information 

rising tone ↗︎ usually indicates GIVEN (shared) information 

Which function?

Answer 15

Discourse function

Question 16

Thematic roles - also theta or θ roles - are …..

Answer 16

….broad functional categories assigned to the arguments of verbs - NPs and PPs. They are functional categories of the participants of the events (actions or states) described by clauses.

Question 17

SHE broke the vase.
What thematic role is she?

Answer 17

Agent

Question 18

She broke the VASE
What theta role is vase?

Answer 18

Patient

Question 19

Eva gave me SOME PUPPIES
θ role?

Answer 19

Theme

Question 20

DIANA saw the accident

Answer 20

Experiencer

Question 21

KEVIN received a book
θ role?

Answer 21

Beneficiary

Question 22

Stef opened the box WITH A KEY
θ role?

Answer 22

Instrument

Question 23

She practised IN THE GYM
θ role?

Answer 23

Location

Question 24

This bus goes TO YORK
θ role?

Answer 24

Goal

Question 25

This plane come FROM SPAIN
θ role?

Answer 25

Source