1. The eight dimensions of meaning in language Flashcards
The fields within linguistics concerned with meaning are?
semantics and pragmatics
meaning making using signs is called?
semiotics
What is multimodality?
different term for semiotics
____________looks at the meanings in the code, independent of context
Semantics
____________ looks at ‘speaker meaning’ enabled by the code, in its social and cultural context.
Pragmatics
Communication takes place is an environment which is _______ (physically, interpersonally and culturally); language therefore has to be _______ to accommodate this.
complex
what are the 8 dimensions of meaning in language?
Grammatical meaning
Lexical meaning
Collocational meaning
Phraseological meaning
Metonymic meaning
Metaphoric meaning
Historical meaning
Pragmatic meaning
____________meaning encodes broad types of meaning in language.
It involves the frequently-used concepts, the most common types of meaning, which it would be tedious and inefficient to spell out every time.
Grammatical
Examples of grammatical meaning:
TENSE -
ASPECT -
MOOD -
VOICE -
PERSON -
NUMBER -
CASE -
COUNTABILITY -
bound morphemes
inflections
__________meaning is specific meaning encoded in language
Lexical meaning
Some words are more general, function words ‘closed’ word classes i.e. determiners (d), pronouns (pn), enumerators (e), prepositions (p), conjunctions (cj), operator verbs (v), interjections (ij)
Other words are more specific, content words ‘open’ word classes i.e. Nouns (N), Verbs (V), Adjectives (Aj), Adverbs (Av)
Lexical meaning
________ is the tendency for words to occur together in direct juxtaposition or within a few words apart.
Collocation
____________meaning arises when words are used in combination as fixed units.
Their meaning is more than the sum of their parts, e.g. word count, jet lag, box office, swine flu, pigeon hole, glass ceiling, job share, post code
Phraseological
____________ meaning is a type of non-literal (figurative) meaning where you refer to something in terms of something else which is closely related.
Metonymic meaning
glass of bubbly (champagne)
Spain (the team) won the world cup
to watch a film on the small screen
pay with plastic
cheeseburger and chips wants her bill
Metonymic meaning
_____________ is non-literal (figurative) meaning where you refer to something in terms of something else which is not closely related.
Metaphoric meaning
You might talk about LIFE in terms of a JOURNEY, or GOOD things being UP, or DISEASE in terms of WARFARE, or TIME in terms of MONEY.
The abstracted metaphoric frames of thought, which produce linguistic metaphors, are referred to as ____________ ___________.
conceptual metaphors.
___________ is an earlier meaning in the history of a word/expression than the one currently associated with it.
Historical meaning
Historical meaning offers a —————— view rather than the more usual ——————————, snap-shot view (Saussure).
diachronic， synchronic
———————— shift where the new meaning is a ———————— extension of the old meaning, e.g. desktop, files (on a computer);
metonymic
———————— shift where the new meaning is a —————————extension of the old meaning, e.g. cool (‘not hot’ versus ‘sophisticated’).
metaphoric ， metaphorical
—————————— is a secondary, derived meaning, an implied meaning from language encoded with regard to its context.
It includes deixis (person, place, time) and implicature, and is typically found in politeness strategies.
Pragmatic meaning
