1. The eight dimensions of meaning in language

Question 1

The fields within linguistics concerned with meaning are?

Answer 1

semantics and pragmatics

Question 2

meaning making using signs is called?

Answer 2

semiotics

Question 3

What is multimodality?

Answer 3

different term for semiotics

Question 4

____________looks at the meanings in the code, independent of context

Answer 4

Semantics

Question 5

____________ looks at ‘speaker meaning’ enabled by the code, in its social and cultural context.

Answer 5

Pragmatics

Question 6

Communication takes place is an environment which is _______ (physically, interpersonally and culturally); language therefore has to be _______ to accommodate this.

Answer 6

complex

Question 7

what are the 8 dimensions of meaning in language?

Answer 7

Grammatical meaning
Lexical meaning
Collocational meaning
Phraseological meaning
Metonymic meaning
Metaphoric meaning
Historical meaning
Pragmatic meaning

Question 8

____________meaning encodes broad types of meaning in language.
It involves the frequently-used concepts, the most common types of meaning, which it would be tedious and inefficient to spell out every time.

Answer 8

Grammatical

Question 9

Examples of grammatical meaning:

Answer 9

TENSE -
ASPECT -
MOOD -
VOICE -
PERSON -
NUMBER -
CASE -
COUNTABILITY -
bound morphemes
inflections

Question 10

__________meaning is specific meaning encoded in language

Answer 10

Lexical meaning

Question 11

Some words are more general, function words ‘closed’ word classes i.e. determiners (d), pronouns (pn), enumerators (e), prepositions (p), conjunctions (cj), operator verbs (v), interjections (ij)
Other words are more specific, content words ‘open’ word classes i.e. Nouns (N), Verbs (V), Adjectives (Aj), Adverbs (Av)

Answer 11

Lexical meaning

Question 12

________ is the tendency for words to occur together in direct juxtaposition or within a few words apart.

Answer 12

Collocation

Question 13

____________meaning arises when words are used in combination as fixed units.
Their meaning is more than the sum of their parts, e.g. word count, jet lag, box office, swine flu, pigeon hole, glass ceiling, job share, post code

Answer 13

Phraseological

Question 14

____________ meaning is a type of non-literal (figurative) meaning where you refer to something in terms of something else which is closely related.

Answer 14

Metonymic meaning

Question 15

glass of bubbly (champagne)
Spain (the team) won the world cup
to watch a film on the small screen
pay with plastic
cheeseburger and chips wants her bill

Answer 15

Metonymic meaning

Question 16

_____________ is non-literal (figurative) meaning where you refer to something in terms of something else which is not closely related.

Answer 16

Metaphoric meaning

Question 17

You might talk about LIFE in terms of a JOURNEY, or GOOD things being UP, or DISEASE in terms of WARFARE, or TIME in terms of MONEY.
The abstracted metaphoric frames of thought, which produce linguistic metaphors, are referred to as ____________ ___________.

Answer 17

conceptual metaphors.

Question 18

___________ is an earlier meaning in the history of a word/expression than the one currently associated with it.

Answer 18

Historical meaning

Question 19

Historical meaning offers a —————— view rather than the more usual ——————————, snap-shot view (Saussure).

Answer 19

diachronic， synchronic

Question 20

———————— shift where the new meaning is a ———————— extension of the old meaning, e.g. desktop, files (on a computer);

Answer 20

metonymic

Question 21

———————— shift where the new meaning is a —————————extension of the old meaning, e.g. cool (‘not hot’ versus ‘sophisticated’).

Answer 21

metaphoric ， metaphorical

Question 22

—————————— is a secondary, derived meaning, an implied meaning from language encoded with regard to its context.
It includes deixis (person, place, time) and implicature, and is typically found in politeness strategies.

Answer 22

Pragmatic meaning