2. General Handling Flashcards
How do you transition from the G/A of the NPA to the GH area?
If above Trans Alt. - appropriate semicircular rule
if below TAlt - make sure you’re above MSA
Ideally request deconfliction service.
What do you do prior to entering a steep turn?
ASk the safety pilot to check outside the aircraft
What’s the secret to maintaining a good steep turn on instruments?
- Have a good scan. Speed up your scan as the turn steepens.
- Hold the correct bank angle and pitch attitude on the AI. Progressively increase pitch.
- Maintain speed with power (imagine direct link between ASI and your hand on the throttle). Progressively add power.
- Altimeter and VSI are supporting instruments for pitch
- ASI supporting for correct power set
What do you do if you lose height on a steep turn?
It means insufficient back pressure is applied - nose will drop, ASI will increase, altitude wil reduce
- reduce bank angle with aileron
- raise pitch attitude with elevator (back pressure)
- re-apply bank
What do you do if you gain height on a steep turn?
- Relax some of the back pressure and lower pitch slightly OR
- Increase bank slightly
How do you roll out of a steep turn?
- 30* lead out
- Lower the pitch
- Gradually reduce power
How do you do HDG corrections when on limited panel and turning on a specific HDG?
For big changes - Rate 1 (19* AoB)
For small changes - 1/2 standard rate turn (10* AoB)
How do you increase/decrease speeds on limited panel whilst S&L?
- To increase -
- Power UP
- Pitch DN
- Right feet
- To decrease
- Power DN
- Pitch UP
- Left feet
How do you enter descent?
- Wings level
- Ball in the middle
- Pitch UP to hold ALT
- Approaching desired descent IAS, pitch down to maintain
How do you recover from UAs?
Remember A,B,C,D:
- Airspeed - check and adjust power
- Bank - roll wings level. Ball in middle
- Climb/Descend - check altimeter - adjust pitch accordingly. On limited panel, pitch until both ASI and ALT freeze.
- VSI is not used on recoveries - can give reverese indications
- Always recover to trimmed S&L flight
How do you calculate the MSA whilst transitioning to the 3d approach place?
- Complete a NAVAID fix
- Plot the track to the destination IAF
- Find the MEF along track and add 1000’
Slow Flight - what are your slow flight checks?
Entry
- Conduct Pre-Stalling checks prior to commencing
- Nominate speed of >1.2xVs1 ~ 77kts (DA42)
- Decelerate as per Straight and Level Two
- Higher power setting required due to increased drag
- More rudder required to maintain balance
Manoeuvering
- Max 20°angle of bank
- Lead with power during entry to the turn
- Anticipate rudder to stay in balance
- Maintain thorough lookout
Landing Configuration Stall - how dow you configure and how do you recover?
- Ease control column centrally forward until stall symptom stops. (For an incipient stall the nose should not go below the horizon)
- Smoothly apply full power (1-2 seconds) - control yaw with rudder.
- Select approach flap.
- Raise the nose to 5 deg
- Pause.
- Positive climb - gear up, positive speed (>Vs1) - flap up and raise nose to 13 deg nose up.
- Maintain the climb attitude.
- Climb away at Vy or as directed.
Base to Final Turn Stall - how do you configure and recover
- Ease control column centrally forward until symptom of stall stops. (For an incipient stall the nose should not go below the horizon)
- Smoothly apply full power - control yaw with rudder.
- Roll wings level.
- Raise the nose to 5° nose up.
- Pause.
- Positive climb - gear up, positive climb - app flap up and raise nose to 13°.
- Maintain the climb attitude.
- Climb away at Vy or as directed.
Describe how you would do a compass turn and the correction factors
- Left/Right?
- Overshoot/Undershoot?
- By How Much?
- Roll out heading
then Turn/(when 1/2 Rate 1 AoB) -Time/Time/Turn
describe the HASELL checks
Recovery from stalling manoeuvres is to be achieved by 2000ft agl under dual training
During flight tests and checks conducted by approved examiners,
may be conducted at a lower altitude, provided that the recovery is achieved by 1500ft agl.
Before HASELL - check dead wing area
Nose down and speed increasing UA - how do you recover?
How do you recover on the opposite?
ABCD - Airspeed, Bank, Climb/Descend
- Speed -
- Increasing rapidly - IDLE power
- decreasing rapidly - FULL power
- constant - leave as is
- AI - ROLL W/L
- AI - Pitch UP gently (or to level att.)
- ASI - speed w/i 5kts - CRZ power
- TRIM
- S&L check, check MSA, check cause of UA
How do you ID NAVAIDs?
- Visually + aud. DME OR
- Audibly if no visual ID. NDB and TACAN audio only
Trimming - describe how you would trim an aircraft? What’s the work cycle?
1. Coarse trim first
When you can no longer feel an out of trim force the aircraft is said to be coarse trimmed.
2. then fine trim
With only coarse trimming applied the aircraft will start to deviate slowly from the selected attitude as soon as the instructor relaxes his grip on the control column. The aircraft needs to be fine trimmed. To do this, firstly re-select the attitude and hold it. Then adjust the trim
using very small inputs. Relax your grip again to check the trim. Repeat the process until the aircraft no longer deviates from the attitude
Select - HOLD - Trim - Lookout.
Power lever position vs LOAD%. What’s the relationship?
. In a typical light aircraft this is about 1/2 cm per 10% load .
What are the incipient stall symptoms?
- high nose att
- low and reducing IAS
- decreasing control effectiveness
- reduced noise
- stall warner
- light buffet on controls
What is the work cycle for entering and maintaining a steep turn?
Entering:
- Lookout - opposite turn
- Passing 30* AoB or ASI(down) = +5%
- Passing 30* AoB - start to apply back pressure
- Enter work cycle below
Maintaining:
- Attitude - check visual attitude
- Lookout - look as far into turn as possible
- Atitude - check visual att.
-
Performance - very brief check - split in 2:
- Bank/Back pressure/Balance
- Altitude and speed - elev. to altitude and power to speed
- Anticipate rollout by 1/3 of AoB = 15*
What are the fully developed stall symptoms?
- Heavy buffet
- low fluct ASI
- stall warner
- Nose drop
- poss. wing drop
- Hight RoD , sink
Left compass turn onto 030, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
050
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 060, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
070
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 090, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
090
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 120, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
110
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 150, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
130
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 180, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
150
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 210, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
190
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 240, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
230
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 270, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
270
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 300, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
310
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 330, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
350
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Left compass turn onto 360, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
030
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 030, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
010
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 060, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
050
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 090, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
090
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 120, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
130
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 150, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
170
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 180, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
210
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 210, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
230
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 240, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
250
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 270, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
270
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 300, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
290
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 330, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
310
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
Right compass turn onto 360, NH,
what’s your roll out HDG?
330
(difference by W-E/3 is your adj.)
What is the Standard Stall Recovery?
- CC centrally forward
- Full power + Rudder
- once symptoms cease, HOLD att.
- Level the wings
- select the climb att.
Achieving specific RoD/ROC at specified IAS, how do you do it?
To achieve a spec RoD/RoC at specified IAS - both power and attitude need to be adjusted.
To increase RoD
- Power DN
- Pitch DN
- Trim
To decrease RoD
- Power UP
- Pitch UP
- Trim
- Visual airwork, TEM, Steep turns
- Visual airwork, TEM - Clean Stall
- Visual airwork, TEM - Approach config Stall
- Visual airwork, TEM - Landing config Stall
- UAS - High speed descent and/or spiral dive
- UAS - Nose High and/or low speed
For CPL, how is a Medium Turn conducted?
- Conduct a lookout starting from opposite direction of turn - Select reference height and reference point/heading - Turn in direction of turn to 30 degrees AoB - Ensure rudder input during roll to turn about a point - Small amount of back pressure may be required - Anticipate roll out on reference point/heading - Ensure rudder input during roll out of turn - Lookout in opposite direction of turn after rollout
What’s the seat-of-the-pants feeling for a properly coordinated turn?
You feel no sideways force. And neither does the ball, which remains centered.
What do you do to reduce RoC and maintain speed?
- Power DN to reduce RoC
- Slight Nose DN to maintain Airspeed
*
What do you do to increase RoC and maintain speed?
- Power UP to increase RoC
- Nose UP to maintain airspeed
How do you reduce your RoD?
- Nose UP, to maintain same airspeed
- Power UP
How do you increase your RoD?
- Nose DN, to maintain airspeed
- Power DN
In a medium level turn and in smooth air, what is your best performance guide to correct pitch attitude?
the VSI. In rough air it is the ALT
In terms of instruments, which group of instruments do you refer to when making corrections ?
You confirm it on the PERF, but you fix it by looking at the CTRL instruments.
How much is your roll out lead in during normal turns?
1/3 of the AoB
What is your workflow when flying a climbing/descending turn?
First, establish a climb/descent, THEN turn.
What are the 3 different types of Unusual Attitudes? How do you recover?
- AoB>30- A, B
- Nose-high - A, B, C, D (all simultaneously), If stall - SSR
- Nose-low - A, B, C, D
Remember to increase your scan rate. Check if any instrument has malfunctioned.
After recovery determine the cause of the UA
What are the main questions you ask yourself when diagnosing a UA?
- Is the nose high or low?
- Is it banked?
