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2) Patho 2 > 2) Foot & Ankle Pathologies > Flashcards

2) Foot & Ankle Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of foot/ankle pathologies?

A 
Fx
OA & Deformities
Tendon/Ligament Disorders
Nerve Problems
Neuromuscular Disorders
Heel Pain
Tumors
Infections
Sensory Deficits
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2
Q

What is the tx for isolated lateral malleolus fx?

A

Immobilization for 6wks, WBAT

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3
Q

What is the tx for bimalleolar & trimalleolar fx’s?

A

ORIF

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4
Q

What is the tx for bimalleolar equivalent fx w/ruptured deltoid ligament?

A

ORIF

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5
Q

What is the tx for pilon (distal tib-fib) fx or shattered ankle?

A

ORIF

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6
Q

What is the tx for open fx’s?

A

1) Pulsed lavage to sanitize
2) Test for dead muscle
3) IV antibiotics

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7
Q

What are the 4 C’s?

A

Color, Consistency, Contractility, & Capacity to bleed

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8
Q

Why are syndesmotic screws not the best?

A

They’re left in place, so during movement they can heat up & break

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9
Q

What is osteochondral defect (OCD) & how is it tx’ed?

A

Divot that can form in the ankle after injury

Tx’ed w/arthroscopy or OATS to transplant cartilage

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10
Q

What is a Hoffman Procedure?

A

Standard procedure for RA where met head is removed

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11
Q

Seronegative Arthritis

A

Lupus, Soriatic Arthritis, Chrohn’s Disease

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12
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Infection in the jt

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13
Q

UCBL Brace

A

Controls hindfoot motion

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14
Q

What is hallux rigidis & what is the tx?

A

Bone spur on the dorsal aspect of the foot

Tx: Put pt in a rigid sneaker or carbon fiber insole w/morton’s extension

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15
Q

Are total ankle arthroplasties a thing?

A

Yes, but they come w/a lot of complications

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16
Q

Halux Valgus

A

Abn prominence at the medial aspect of the MTP of the big toe

17
Q

Who is more likely to get hallux valgus and why?

A

Women; Their footwear

18
Q

Normal 1st MTP Angle

Normal 1st & 2nd Intermetatarsal Angle

A

MTP=<15°

InterMet>9°

19
Q

How is hallux valgus tx’ed?

A

Pt ed about proper footwear
Shoe Modification
Silicon Pads
Bunion Splints

20
Q

Shoe Fitting Guidelines

A
  • Stand while being fitted
  • Don’t buy shoes that are too tight
  • Limit heel height to 2”
  • Don’t assume the shoe will fit
  • Get a shoe that conforms to the shape of your foot
  • Fit shoes to the larger foot
  • Buy shoes at the end of the day when feet are largest
21
Q

Peroneal Nerve Palsy

A

Foot drop as the result of knicking the peroneal nerve during surgery

22
Q

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS)

A

Extreme sensitivity to even light touch

23
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia, especially right off the origin; Typically occurs in middle-aged pt’s

24
Q

What is the most common foot & ankle problem?

A

Plantar Fasciitis

25
Q

Risk factors for plantar fasciitis

A

Obesity
Prolonged Standing
Distance runners w/cavus feet
Systemic Diseases

26
Q

What does a physical exam that’s (+) for plantar fasciitis show?

A

Tenderness over plantar fascia origin

27
Q

How is plantar fasciitis tx’ed?

A 
Stretching 
Relative Rest
Well-cushioned shoes
Silicon heel cushion
NSAIDS
Night Splints
Casting
28
Q

What are cortisone shots not recommended for plantar fasciitis?

A

It can cause fat pad atrophy which can lead to plantar fascia tear

29
Q

When is surgical release for plantar fasciitis done?

A

After 6mo of failed tx

30
Q

Complications of plantar fasciitis release surgery:

A
  • Loss of arch
  • Lateral foot pain
  • Nerve injury
  • Recurrent heel pain
31
Q

Risk factors of insensate foot:

A
  • Alcoholism
  • Syphilis
  • Leprosy
  • Syringomyelia
  • Beriberi
  • Pesticides
  • Meds
  • Heavy Metals
  • Endocrine Disorders

2) Patho 2 (20 decks)

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