15) Regenerative Medicine Flashcards
Regenerative Medicine
Replacement of injured, diseased, or missing body parts w/fxnl & site-appropriate tissue
Bioinductive Scaffolding
Intestinal submucosa that provides an environment/structure for regeneration of integument & muscle tissue
What are the types of stem cells?
- Embryonic
- Fetal
- Adult
- Induced
Autogenic Stem Cells
From the same person
Allogenic Stem Cells
Donor stem cells
Xenogenic Stem Cells
Cross species
Totipotent Stem Cells
Can turn into any tissue
Pleuripotent Stem Cells
Can turn into several types of tissues
Multipotent Stem Cells
Turn into a small # of tissue types
Gene Therapy
Pharmaceutical use of cloning DNA to tx disease
Cloning
Refers to a # of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a living creature
What things are required for regeneration?
- Blood flow
- GF’s
- Appropriate loading
Why is appropriate loading required for tissue regeneration?
- Compression accelerates regeneration of transplanted bone
- Tensile forces enhance the regeneration process of cultured annulus fibrosus
What do engineered tissues/organs respond to?
Mechanical Forces
What do transplanted stem cells respond to?
E-stim & Exercise
What is used to reverse traumatic muscle loss?
Combo of bioinductive scaffolding & Intense Rehab
What can incr proliferation of stem cells & neurons & what does this improve?
Intermittent Hypoxia–>Improves clinical outcomes for SCI pt’s
Mechanotransduction
Foam rolling
Tensegrity
Cellular stiffness provided by microtubules, which disperse compressive, tensile, & shear forces; Aka membrane tension
Explain the concept of tensegrity
Sheer, compression, & traction influence membrane tension bc force is exerted t/o the cell which changes the shape of the cell, so fxn is effected
Transduction
Mechanical forces that cause a cascade of signals w/in the cell resulting in up/down regulation of an organelle, cytosolic fxn, or translocation of transcription factors in the cell nucleus
Stretch-Activated Ion Channels
Pores that are opened/closed by tension changes to influence ion concentrations
Integrins
Form attachments between a cell’s membrane & ECM or other cell membranes; Tension exposes ECM to signal proteins that control intercellular & intracellular fxns
Growth Factor Receptors
Activate messenger pathways when they’re bound to GF’s
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Mechano-sensitive & chemo-sensitive receptors that coordinate intracellular & extracellular fxn’s
Transcription
Information DNA is copied to make RNA
Explain the process of transcription
RNA polymerase unzips DNA & a segment of the strand is copied into mRNA, which is packaged & then exits through nuclear pores
Translation
Ribosomes use genetic info of nucleotide sequences(RNA) to synthesize polypeptides
Explain the process of translation
mRNA is bound to ribosomes for message decoding & tRNA facilitates the matching process from mRNA to amino acids. Codons get matched to specific amino acids & then the acids are sequentially linked to form proteins.
Post-Translation
Proteins get modified, folded, & packaged for transport in secretory & transport vesicles
