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NCSF > 2 ' Endocrine System > Flashcards

2 ' Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Complex network of integrated organs that communicate and help regulate all bodily systems to manage internal activists and maintain homeostasis

A

True

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of valence or equilibrium within its internal environment

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3
Q

Eustress

A

A positive, desirable form of stress that influences physical or physiological health

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4
Q

Distress

A

A negative form of stress that influences physical or physiological health

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5
Q

Hormones direct actions of other tissues via chemical messaging

A

True

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6
Q

Hormone receptors

A

Receptor protein on the surface or interior of a cell that can bind to a specific hormone

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7
Q

Target cell specificity

A

Hormones circulate to all tissues, but only influence cells with associated receptors

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8
Q 
Growth hormone (GH)
Promotes cell division and proliferation throughout the body by facilitating protein synthesis
A

True

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9
Q 
Growth hormone (GH)
Protects glycogen reserves and limits carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism by encouraging the mobilization and use of lipids for fuel during exercise
A

True

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10
Q 
Growth hormone (GH)
Perceived demands on the body (exercise intensity) determines total GH production
A

True

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11
Q 
Growth hormone (GH)
High-intensity training increases production, potentially increasing strength, power, and muscle size
A

True

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12
Q

Testosterone

Produced in the gonadal glands of men and women

A

True

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13
Q

Testosterone

Responsible for muscle tissue interaction, which explains visual and quantifiable differences between men and women

A

True

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14
Q

Testosterone

Concentrations in women and ten times less than that of men

A

True

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15
Q

Testosterone
Concentrations increase in response to excessive in both genders; high-intensity, total-body execersise (e.g., squat, deadlift) elicit greater responses

A

True

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16
Q

Testosterone
Nervous system interaction - testosterone enhances strength and size via direct influence on neurons and structural proteins

A

True

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17
Q

Pancreatic Hormones have two primary functions

A

Produce digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestines to break down far, CHO, and protein so they can be absorbed into the blood stream and regulate blood sugar via the release of two endocrine hormones, insulin and glucagon

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18
Q

Insulin

A

Natural anabolic hormone made by the pancreas

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19
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels when they are low (opposes insulin)

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20
Q

After a meal, when blood sugar rises, the release of insulin drives glucose into a muscle and liver cells to be stored as glycogen

A

True

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21
Q

Excess sugar is deposited in fat cells at triglycerides to ensure normalization of blood glucose

A

True

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22
Q

Excess insulin blocks lipolysis, further promoting fat storage

A

True

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23
Q

Low blood glucose is referred to as hypoglycemia; alpha cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release glucagon

A

True

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24
Q

Glucagon travels to the liver to stimulate the release of stored glucose (glycogen) into circulation to stabilize blood glucose

A

True

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25
Q

Thyroid acts to increase the metabolic rate of all cells

A

True

26
Q

Heavy exercise increases release; possibly contributes to immediate, short-term excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) through an increase in the resting metabolic rate (RMR)

A

True

27
Q

Facilitates actions of anabolic hormones and stimulates increased secretions of GH and IGF-1

A

True

28
Q

Hyperthyroidism will impede weight gain, while hyperthyroidism will impede weight loss

A

True

29
Q

Adrenal Hormones

Important to exercise as they are specifically designed to manage stress

A

True

30
Q

Adrenal Hormones

Regulate electrolytes and the production of cortisol and androgens

A

True

31
Q

Aldosterone

A

Regulates ion activity and water balance by reabsorbing or excreting sodium

32
Q

Cortisol actions during exercise or stress:

A

Inhibits CHO uptake and oxidation in the body by acting as an insulin antagonist, released during high psychological stress, leading to significant body protein breakdown, sustained, high-level release suppresses immune function and promotes visceral fat storage in the abdominal area

33
Q

Epinephrine & norepinephrine functions:

A

Promote heart rate and blood pressure changes through neural stimulation, enhance enzyme systems of working tissue, promote vasodilation, and augment the release of anabolic hormones

34
Q

Release of catecholamines is based on acute stress experienced by the body

A

True

35
Q

Catecholamines

A

Any naturally occurring amine that functions as a neurotransmitter or hormone; includes dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

36
Q

Prolonged stress leads to reduced return and detrimental outcomes

A

True

37
Q

Training needs to be dose-appropriate and balanced with other perceived stresses to ensure positive adaptive outcomes

A

True

38
Q

The type and intensity of training dictates the specific response by both working tissue and endocrine glands that mediate adaptive changes

A

True

39
Q

Positive adaption process that occurs in muscle protein is called muscle remodeling

A

True

40
Q

Muscle remodeling

A

Significant physiological stress elicits disruption and damage to muscle cells, stimulating an inflammatory response, extent of protein remodeling is dependent upon the physiological disruption that occurs, and hormonal interaction of GH, testosterone, IGF, T3, and insulin cause the cells to synthesize new protein structures along the sarcomere

41
Q

Each type of stress promotes specific communication related to how the body should manage the internal environment (during and after an event such as an exercise bout)

A

True

42
Q

Neural patterns activate hormonal patterns that shape the adaptive response to training

A

True

43
Q

Outcomes are based upon exercise selection, intensity, rest interval, and duration

A

True

44
Q

Strength training uses heavy loads, near-maximal rest periods (2-5 min) and sets with

A

True

45
Q

Strength training promotes an increase in anabolic hormones, however, due to the full recovery allowed by the rest periods and the short-term application of training stimulus, limited hypertrophic effects are elicited

A

True

46
Q

Heavy, cross-joint lifts (e.g., deadlift) have the most dramatic effect on circulating testosterone levels

A

True

47
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in cell size; most commonly seen In muscle that has been actively stimulated

48
Q

Body building is a training stress utilizing the following specific components for an exercise bout:

A

High volume (3-4 sets per exercise)
Moderately heavy resistance (70-85% of 1RM)
Longer durations (8-12 repetitions)
Shorter rest periods - less than one minute

49
Q

Significant simultaneous production of lactic acid and cortisol in response to high intensity, extended time-under-tension exercise stimulates greater GH release and subsequent IGF-1 release for anabolic effects.

A

True

50
Q

Common errors in body building include:

A

Utilizing load that are too tight, volume is too low, and rest periods between sets and exercise are too long

51
Q

Endurance training promotes a different hormonal response than resistance training

A

True

52
Q

Hormone activity is sensitive to variations of intensity

A

True

53
Q

High-intensity training (particularly above lactate threshold) provides a greater release of GH

A

True

54
Q

Testosterone is suppressed during high-intensity aerobic activities

A

True

55
Q

Insulin sensitivity is increased

A

True

56
Q

Glucagon levels increase slightly with prolonged exercise

A

True

57
Q

Cortisol release is relatively low but increases with prolonged durations

A

True

58
Q

Limited anabolic hormone activity occurs, resulting in minimal increases in lean mass

A

True

59
Q

A reduction in lean mass may occur with high-volume training due to catabolic effects

A

True

60
Q

Improved lipid utilization is experienced with high-volume training

A

True

NCSF (22 decks)

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