1 ' Biomechanics

Question 1

Forces are classified as either

Answer 1

Internal or external

Question 2

Internal

Answer 2

Act within the object or system

Question 3

External

Answer 3

Act on an object through some interaction

Question 4

Forces contribute to the acceleration of resistance in a single plane

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Stabilizer

Answer 5

A muscle whose torque prevents moment at a joint

Question 6

Prime mover

Answer 6

The muscle that causes an action

Question 7

Asymmetrical load

Answer 7

A single-sided or unbalanced load or weight distribution

Question 8

Balance

Answer 8

A stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces

Question 9

Static equilibrium

Answer 9

Sum of all external forces acting on the body equal zero; determine the ability to balance

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

Capacity to do work

Question 11

Work

Answer 11

Transfer of energy by a force acting to displace the body; equal to the product of the force and the distance through which it produces movement

Question 12

Work can be either prosit ice or negative as long as there is movement

Answer 12

True

Question 13

If weight is pressed overhead, the action is positive work; when the weight is lowered back down, the action is considered negative work

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Mechanical energy has two forms:

Answer 14

Kinetic energy and Potential energy

Question 15

Kinetic energy

Answer 15

Energy possessed by the body due to its motion

Question 16

Potential energy

Answer 16

Suggests no movement; implies energy due to position, such as with a stretched rubber band muscle

Question 17

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) uses kinetic energy transferred into potential energy and back into kinetic energy for increased force output

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Power

Answer 18

Time rate of doing work (work divided by time)

Question 19

Power output depends on the muscle’s contractile velocity; as it increases, maximal force decreases

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Maximal power can be produced at about 50% of velocity capability

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Total power output depends on the quantity of power and the time it is sustained

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Torque

Answer 22

The turning effect created by a force about an axis

Question 23

Muscular force moves limbs around their respective axis of rotation as defined by the joint

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The further the resistance is held from the body, the longer the resistance arm, and the greater the magnitude of torque required to move the load

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Resistance arm

Answer 25

Distance between the fulcrum and the resistance point

Question 26

The more torque experienced during exercise, the greater the difficulty of the movement, even when the weight remains constant

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Center of gravity (COG)

Answer 27

Point where the mass of an object is equally balanced

Question 28

Changes in the COG may cause the body to work harder to establish static equilibrium, dynamic balance and/or stability

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Kinetic chain

Answer 29

A group of body segments that are connected by joints and operate together to provide a wide range of motion for a limb

Question 30

External force energy must be transferred across the kinetic chain to effectively join with internal forces

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Energy leaked due to unstable segments will limit internal force application, reducing external force

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Stability is achieved with

Answer 32

Mass of the object, height of the GOC, line of gravitational pull and base of support

Question 33

The wider the base of support, the more stable an object will become (e.g., brick lying flat vs. on its side)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Enhanced stability is achieved when the width of the base of support is widest and in-line with the direction of the resistance

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Angular momentum is commonly employed during exercise when excessive resistance is used

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Most often generated from hip extension of Flexion to increase total force output

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Prime movers preform less work and experience reduced training stress compared to the employment proper lifting technique

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The body's production of angular momentum from rotational inertia requires a force proportionate to the angular momentum to stop the movement

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Prime antagonists that cannot manage the declaration requirements employ assistive musculature throughout the kinetic chain to help slow the movement

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Antagonist

Answer 40

Told of a muscle whose torque opposes a preformed action

Question 41

Agonist

Answer 41

Role of a muscle whose torque aids a preformed action; referred to as the prime mover

Question 42

When the agonist muscle group surpasses the antagonist muscle group's strength balance requirements, injuries will occur

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Strength balance

Answer 43

The force production relationship between an agonist and antagonist muscle or group of muscles acting on a joint