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NCSF > 1 ' Biomechanics > Flashcards

1 ' Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Forces are classified as either

A

Internal or external

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2
Q

Internal

A

Act within the object or system

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3
Q

External

A

Act on an object through some interaction

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4
Q

Forces contribute to the acceleration of resistance in a single plane

A

True

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5
Q

Stabilizer

A

A muscle whose torque prevents moment at a joint

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6
Q

Prime mover

A

The muscle that causes an action

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7
Q

Asymmetrical load

A

A single-sided or unbalanced load or weight distribution

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8
Q

Balance

A

A stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces

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9
Q

Static equilibrium

A

Sum of all external forces acting on the body equal zero; determine the ability to balance

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10
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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11
Q

Work

A

Transfer of energy by a force acting to displace the body; equal to the product of the force and the distance through which it produces movement

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12
Q

Work can be either prosit ice or negative as long as there is movement

A

True

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13
Q

If weight is pressed overhead, the action is positive work; when the weight is lowered back down, the action is considered negative work

A

True

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14
Q

Mechanical energy has two forms:

A

Kinetic energy and Potential energy

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15
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy possessed by the body due to its motion

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16
Q

Potential energy

A

Suggests no movement; implies energy due to position, such as with a stretched rubber band muscle

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17
Q

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) uses kinetic energy transferred into potential energy and back into kinetic energy for increased force output

A

True

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18
Q

Power

A

Time rate of doing work (work divided by time)

19
Q

Power output depends on the muscle’s contractile velocity; as it increases, maximal force decreases

A

True

20
Q

Maximal power can be produced at about 50% of velocity capability

A

True

21
Q

Total power output depends on the quantity of power and the time it is sustained

A

True

22
Q

Torque

A

The turning effect created by a force about an axis

23
Q

Muscular force moves limbs around their respective axis of rotation as defined by the joint

A

True

24
Q

The further the resistance is held from the body, the longer the resistance arm, and the greater the magnitude of torque required to move the load

A

True

25
Q

Resistance arm

A

Distance between the fulcrum and the resistance point

26
Q

The more torque experienced during exercise, the greater the difficulty of the movement, even when the weight remains constant

A

True

27
Q

Center of gravity (COG)

A

Point where the mass of an object is equally balanced

28
Q

Changes in the COG may cause the body to work harder to establish static equilibrium, dynamic balance and/or stability

A

True

29
Q

Kinetic chain

A

A group of body segments that are connected by joints and operate together to provide a wide range of motion for a limb

30
Q

External force energy must be transferred across the kinetic chain to effectively join with internal forces

A

True

31
Q

Energy leaked due to unstable segments will limit internal force application, reducing external force

A

True

32
Q

Stability is achieved with

A

Mass of the object, height of the GOC, line of gravitational pull and base of support

33
Q

The wider the base of support, the more stable an object will become (e.g., brick lying flat vs. on its side)

A

True

34
Q

Enhanced stability is achieved when the width of the base of support is widest and in-line with the direction of the resistance

A

True

35
Q

Angular momentum is commonly employed during exercise when excessive resistance is used

A

True

36
Q

Most often generated from hip extension of Flexion to increase total force output

A

True

37
Q

Prime movers preform less work and experience reduced training stress compared to the employment proper lifting technique

A

True

38
Q

The body’s production of angular momentum from rotational inertia requires a force proportionate to the angular momentum to stop the movement

A

True

39
Q

Prime antagonists that cannot manage the declaration requirements employ assistive musculature throughout the kinetic chain to help slow the movement

A

True

40
Q

Antagonist

A

Told of a muscle whose torque opposes a preformed action

41
Q

Agonist

A

Role of a muscle whose torque aids a preformed action; referred to as the prime mover

42
Q

When the agonist muscle group surpasses the antagonist muscle group’s strength balance requirements, injuries will occur

A

True

43
Q

Strength balance

A

The force production relationship between an agonist and antagonist muscle or group of muscles acting on a joint

NCSF (22 decks)

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