2 - education & youth Flashcards
Establishment of Nazi Dictatorship & Its Domestic Policies: Feb 1933 - 1939
1
Q
Nazi education policies
A
- schools centralised under Reich Ministry of Education, Culture & Science’
- ‘unreliables’ were removed from teaching jobs
- courses organised for non-Nazi teachers
- head teachers had to be members of the Nazi Party
- National Socialist Teachers League established
- curriculum changed
2
Q
Nazi curriculum changes
A
- more emphasis on PE (strength & fitness = soldiers)
- increased emphasis on German & History (nationalism & heroism)
- biology reinforced Nazi racial genetics & population policy
- Religious Studies dropped (Christianity = unimportant)
3
Q
Nazi schools
A
- The Napolas (state boarding schools run by SS)
- Adolf Hitler Schools (run by Hitler Youth)
- Ordensburgen (designed to produce elite for Hitler’s future society)
4
Q
results of educational policies
A
- Nazis opened very few new schools
- anti-academic ethos in schools -> fall in standards -> resentment, professional classes sent children to grammar schools instead of Nazi schools
- numbers joining teaching career declined (many disapproved of Nazi ideology)
5
Q
Hitler Youth membership
A
- 1% in 1933
- 60% in 1936
- compulsory in 1939
6
Q
Hitler Youth groups for boys
A
- 10-14 yrs = Deutsches Jungvolk (German Young People)
- 14-18 yrs = Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth)
7
Q
Hitler Youth groups for girls
A
- 10-14 yrs = Jungmädel bund (Young Girls League)
- 14-18 yrs = Bund Deutscher Mädel (League of German Girls)
8
Q
Hitler Youth activities
A
- boys: emphasised role of a soldier
- girls: taught roles of a wife & mother (domestic activities)
- political indoctrination (emphasised German patriotism & achievements of Hitler)
- outbreak of war -> had to help with harvest & increased military training
9
Q
success of the Hitler Youth
A
+ many from poorer backgrounds enjoyed activities
- lost some appeal when made compulsory & military emphasis increased
- some youth set up Edelweiss Pirates & Swing Youth
