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IT Foundations > 2 Definitions > Flashcards

2 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Input Voltage

A

Range of AC Alternating Current voltages that a PSU power supply unit can accept when connected to grid power

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2
Q

What is low-line VAC?

A

110-120 VAC

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3
Q

What is high-line VAC?

A

220-240 VAC

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4
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which things generate or use energy

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5
Q

How is power measured?

A

In watts (W)

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6
Q

What is W?

A

Watts

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7
Q

What is a wattage rating?

A

Measure of how much power can be supplied by a PSU power supply unit

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8
Q

What are output voltages? & What are the three outputs?

5 answers

A

o DC Direct Current
o 3.3 VDC
o 5 VDC
o 12 VDC
o Power supplied over PSU cables to computer components

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9
Q

What is a rail?

A

A wire providing current at a particular voltage

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10
Q

What is ATX Advanced Technology eXtended?

A

A motherboard and power supply configuration specification

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11
Q

What is a Modular PSU?

A

PSU design where power cables can be attached to ports on the unit as needed

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12
Q

What is redundant power supply?

A

System case configuration supporting two power units for fault tolerance. Systems fitted with two PSU’s

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13
Q

What is a heat sink?

A

Cooling device fitted to PC components to optimize heat transfer.

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14
Q

What is thermal paste?

A

Cooling substance applied between a component and heat sink to optimize heat transfer

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15
Q

What is a thermal pad?

A

A compound that is solid at room temperature but softens when heated.

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16
Q

What is a liquid-based cooling system?

A

Cooling system that uses a system of pipes, water blocks and pumps to transfer heat away from components.

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17
Q

What is NVMe?

A

Internal interface for connecting flash memory devices such as SSD’s directly to the PCIe bus.

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18
Q

What 2 kinds of platters do HDD’s come on?

A

o Metal
o Glass

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19
Q

What are HDD platters coated in?

A

A magnetic substance

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20
Q

Each platter is accessed by it’s own ____ / _____ ____, moved by an _______ mechanism

A

o Read / write head
o Actuator

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21
Q

What are the platters mounted on?

A

Spindle

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22
Q

Each side of the HDD platter is divided into what?

A

Circular tracks

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23
Q

An HDD track contains several what and with what capacity?

A

o Sectors
o Each sector has a 512 byte capacity

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24
Q

Access time

A

The delay as the read/write head locates a particular track position

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25
Q

Seek time

A

The time it takes to move from one point to the point in which the data resides.

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26
Q

Internal transfer rate is also known as?

A

Data or disk transfer rate?

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27
Q

What is a hot-swap

A

The failed device can be replaced without shutting down the operating system

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28
Q

What is disk striping? (RAID)

A

Divides data into blocks and spreads the blocks in a fixed order among all the disks in the array

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29
Q

What does disk striping do / provide? (RAID)

A

Improves performance as multiple disks are available to service requests in parallel

30
Q

What is distributed parity?

A

Error correction information is spread across all the disks in the array. The data and parity information are managde so that the two are always on different disks

31
Q

What is a pen drive?

A

Another name for a USB / Flash / thumb drive

32
Q
A
33
Q

What kind of RAID array is this?

A

RAID 0 Striping

34
Q

What kind of RAID array is this?

A

RAID 1 Mirroring

35
Q

What kind of RAID array is this?

A

RAID 5 striping with parity

36
Q

What kind of RAID array is this?

A

RAID 10

37
Q

What does a memory controller do?

A

When a process is executed or a data file opened, the image is loaded from the fixed disk into system memory.

Instructions are fetched from system memory and into the CPU’s cache and registers as required.

38
Q

What is swap space

A

Another name for pagefile

39
Q

What is the total amount of addressable memory?

A

System RAM plus swap space / pagefile

40
Q

Define Virtual RAM / What is Virtual RAM

A

The total amount of addressable memory
(System RAM + Swap Space)

41
Q

What is DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

A

Stores each data bit as an electrical charge within a single bit cell.

42
Q

What is synchronous DRAM (Dynamic RAM)?

A

Its speed is synchronized to the motherboard system clock

43
Q

What is DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM)?

A

Makes two data transfers per clock cycle.

Series of high-bandwidth system-memory standards (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5) where data is transferred twice per clock cycle

44
Q

What is a memory module?

A

A printed circuit board that holds a group of RAM devices that act as a single unit.

45
Q

What is a DIMM (Dual inline memory module)?

A

A form factor for desktop DDR Memory

46
Q

What is SODIMM (small outline DIMM)?

A

Laptop RAM packaged in a smaller form factor

47
Q

What is single-channel memory?

A

Means that there is one 64-bit data bus between the CPU, memory controller, and RAM Devices

48
Q

What is a dual-channel memory controller?

A

There are effectively always two 64-bit pathways through the bus to the CPU, meaning that 128 bits of data can be sent per transfer rather than 64 bits.

49
Q

What is a checksum?

A

An 8-bit calculation of information transferred (RAM)

50
Q

What does an RDIMM do? (Registered Dual-Inline Memory Module

A

It uses an extra component to reduce electrical load on the memory controller

51
Q

What is a register?

A

Temporary storage are available to the different units thin the CPU working at the same clock speed as the CPU

52
Q

What is cache?

A

A small block of memory that works at the speed of the CPU or close to it, depending on the cache level.

Cache enhances performance by storing instructions and data that the CPU is using regularly.

53
Q

RISC (Reduced instruction set computing)

A

A small number of simple instructions that can be performed in a single operation.

54
Q

CISC (Complex instruction set computing)

A

A large set of more powerful instructions that can take more than one operation to compelte

55
Q

What does SoC mean?

A

All controllers—video, sound, networking, and storage are part of the CPU

56
Q

What is SMT ( Simultaneous MultiThreading)

A

CPU architecture that exposes two or more logical processors to the OS, delivering performance benefits similar to multicore and multisocket to threaded applications.

SMT allows threads to run through the CPU at the same time

57
Q

SMT Simultaneous Multithreading is also known as what by Intel?

A

HyperThreading.

58
Q

What is a thread?

A

A stream of instructions generated by a software application.

59
Q

What is multithreading?

A

Software that runs multiple parallel threads within a process

60
Q

What is SMP? Symmetric multiprocessing

A

To use two or more physical CPU’s.

61
Q

What is a multi-socket motherboard?

A

A motherboard configuration with multiple CPU sockets? CPU’s must be indentical

62
Q

What is a single-core CPU?

A

A motherboard configuration with single CPU processor

63
Q

What is a dual-Core CPU?

A

Essentially two processors combined in the same package. This means there are two execution units and sets of registers.

64
Q

What is CMP Chip Level Multiprocessing?

A

Each core has its own cache plus access to a shared cache

65
Q

How are multicore packages designated / notated?

A

n C / n T (number of Core / number of threads?) ex: 8C / 16T CPU with multithreading support has 8 cores but processes double that number of simultaneous threads

66
Q

What is Support Virtualization?

A

CPU extnsions to allow better performance when a host runs multiple guest operating systems or Virtual Machines

67
Q

What is Support Virtualization also known as?

A

Hardware-assisted virtualization

68
Q

What is a socket type?

A

A CPU socket form factor used predominantly by AMD where connector pins are located on the CPU package. AMD and Intel use different socket types—meaning they can’t be mixed.

69
Q

What is LGA Land Grid Array?

A

Socket form factor by Intel for CPU’s

70
Q

What is PGA Pin Grid Array

A

Form factor chips used my AMD

71
Q

What is multi-socket?

A

Motherboard configuration with multiple CPU sockets. The CPU’s installed must be identical

IT Foundations (18 decks)

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