2 - Conceptualisation of Psychological Distress

Question 1

What is a necessary cause?

Answer 1

A condition that must exist for another problem to occur

Question 2

What is a sufficient cause?

Answer 2

A condition that guarantees the occurrence of another problem

Question 3

What is a contributory cause?

Answer 3

A condition which increases the probability of another problem developing

Question 4

What are the 3 types of risk factors in mental health?

Answer 4

Distal risk factors
Proximal risk factors
Reinforcing risk factors

Question 5

What is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 5

Interaction between vulnerability (distal or proximal factors) and stress

Question 6

What are some characteristics of stressors?

Answer 6

Severity, chronicity, timing, degree of impact, level of expectation, controllability

Question 7

What is the sequential formulation model?

Answer 7

A - antecedent (external/internal)
B - belief about A (cognition/interpretation/appraisal)
C - consequences of B (emotional/behavioural/physical/info-processing)

Question 8

What is the maintenance formulation? (hot cross bun)

Answer 8

Situation –> thoughts

Thoughts, feelings, physical reactions, behaviour
All interact

Question 9

What is the longitudinal (developmental) formulation model?

Answer 9

Early life experiences (distal causes)
Core beliefs
Unhelpful assumptions and rules
Critical incident; violation of unhelpful assumptions and rules (proximal cause)
Thoughts