2. circulatory unit: THE HEART Flashcards
What cavity is the heart located in?
Thoracic cavity
describe orientation of apex
directed anteriorly,
inferiorly, and to the left
apex points to bottom leftish
describe the orientation of the base
directed posteriorly,
superiorly, and to the right
describe the anterior surface of the heart in relation to the ribcage
Anterior surface is deep to
the sternum and ribs
on what does the inferior surface of the heart rest on?
the inferior surface rests on the diaphragm
where is the heart located in relation to the lungs
the heart is located medial to the lungs
Name the 3 layers of the heart
Pericardium layer (outermost layer)
Myocardium (muscular tissue of the heart)
Endocardium (the lining of the inside chambers of the heart— made from simple squamous epithelial)
Name the 3 layers of the heart
Pericardium layer (outermost layer)
Myocardium (muscular tissue of the heart)
Endocardium (the lining of the inside chambers of the heart— made from simple squamous epithelial)
What are the 2 layers of the PERICARDIUM
- Fibrous pericardium (outermost layer)
- Serous pericardium
The serous pericardium is further divided into 3 layers:
1. Parietal pericardium
2. Pericardial cavity
3. Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
What is the purpose for having a pericardial cavity in the serous pericardium?
The pericardial cavity is there to accommodate for the contraction of the heart.
Describe the anatomy of the chambers of the heart
Atria: right atrium and left atrium
Ventricles; right ventricle and left ventricle
What are the main heart valves and their main locations? (Left or right)
Atrioventricular valves (connects atria to ventricles: Bicuspid valve (left) and tricuspid valve (right)
Semilunar valves: Aortic valve (left ventricle to aorta)
And pulmonary valve (right ventricle to pulmonary veins)
What are the major arteries and veins leading to and from the heart?
- Aorta (leaving left ventricle)
- Inferior and superior vena cava (into right atrium)
- Pulmonary veins (into left atrium)
- Pulmonary trunk/arteries (leaving right ventricle)
What anchors the atrioventricular valves? (Bicuspid and tricuspid)
The valves are anchored by chordae tendineae
Tricuspid valve is attached by 3 strings
Bicuspid is attached by 2
Hence the prefixes
What are the two main circulatory loops?
- Pulmonary loop: sends deoxygenated blood to lungs
- Systemic loop: sends oxygenated blood to the body
What is the pathway of blood in the pulmonary loop? Starting from deoxygenated blood from body to pulmonary capillaries of lungs
Deoxygenated blood from body > inferior/superior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary arterioles > pulmonary capillaries of lungs
What is the pathway of blood in the systemic loop?
Starting from pulmonary capillaries of the lungs and ending with the body
Pulmonary capillaries of lungs > pulmonary venules > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > body
Which side of the heart is considerably larger and why?
The left side is larger than the right side because the left side is responsible for providing the body with oxygenated blood, blood has to travel far. Rather than the right side that just collects deoxygenated blood and sends it to the lungs which is closer
Which side of the heart is considerably larger and why?
The left side is larger than the right side because the left side is responsible for providing the body with oxygenated blood, blood has to travel far. Rather than the right side that just collects deoxygenated blood and sends it to the lungs which is closer
