10. Female Reproduction Flashcards
What are the main functions of the female reproductive system?
To develop ova, prepare for fertilization, and support the development of the fertilized egg.
Where are ova (eggs) produced?
In the ovaries.
What hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone.
What are the roles of estrogen and progesterone?
Regulate the menstrual cycle, secondary sex characteristics, and prepare endometrium for implantation.
What is the function of the uterine (fallopian) tubes?
Transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization.
What can result from implantation in the uterine tube?
Ectopic pregnancy.
What is the role of the uterus?
Site of menstruation, implantation of fertilized ovum, and fetal development.
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium.
What happens to the stratum functionalis during menstruation?
It is shed if fertilization does not occur.
What remains after menstruation in the endometrium?
The stratum basalis, which regenerates the functionalis layer.
What is the function of the vagina?
Acts as the birth canal, receives penis during intercourse, and allows menstrual flow.
Why is the vaginal environment acidic?
To inhibit microbial growth.
What are Bartholin’s glands?
Glands near the vaginal opening that secrete mucus for lubrication.
What are Skene’s glands?
Glands near the urethra that secrete lubricating mucus.
What hormones regulate the ovarian cycle?
GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
What is the ovarian cycle?
Monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an ovum.
What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase.
What happens during the follicular phase (days 1–13)?
Several follicles develop; one becomes dominant and matures.
What triggers ovulation on day 14?
A surge in LH following high levels of estrogen.
What is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation?
Corpus luteum.
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone and some estrogen.
What happens during the luteal phase (days 15–28)?
Corpus luteum maintains endometrium; if no fertilization, it degenerates into corpus albicans.
What is the menstrual cycle?
Changes in the endometrium in response to ovarian hormones.