10. Male Reproduction Flashcards
What are the main functions of the male reproductive system?
To produce sperm, transfer it, and introduce it into the female reproductive tract.
Where are the testes located?
In the scrotum outside the body cavity to maintain a lower temperature.
What hormone is produced by the testes?
Testosterone.
How long does spermatogenesis take?
65 to 75 days.
How many sperm cells are produced daily?
Approximately 300 million.
What is the function of the epididymis?
Site of sperm maturation and storage.
How long can sperm be stored in the epididymis?
Up to 4 weeks.
What is the role of the vas deferens?
Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and can also store sperm.
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
Merges sperm from vas deferens with secretions from the seminal vesicles and ejects it into the prostatic urethra.
What is the function of the urethra in males?
Carries both urine and semen out of the body.
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
Prostatic, intermediate (membranous), and spongy (penile).
What is the function of seminal vesicles?
Secretes alkaline fluid high in fructose to nourish sperm and neutralize acidic environment.
What percentage of semen volume comes from seminal vesicles?
About 60%.
What does the prostate gland secrete?
Milky, slightly acidic fluid with enzymes and citric acid to support sperm viability.
What is the contribution of the prostate to semen volume?
Approximately 25%.
What is the function of the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?
Secretes alkaline mucus that lubricates and neutralizes traces of acidic urine.
What triggers erection in males?
Parasympathetic reflex causing dilation of arterioles in erectile tissue.
What causes ejaculation?
A sympathetic reflex resulting in contraction of ducts and muscles to expel semen.
What are the components of semen?
Sperm and seminal fluid from accessory glands.
What is the role of fructose in semen?
Provides ATP for sperm motility.
What is the role of prostaglandins in semen?
Aid sperm motility and viability.
How does the scrotum help regulate testicular temperature?
By adjusting the position of the testes closer or further from the body.
What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?
Regulate testicular temperature by altering scrotum position and surface area.
What pH range is optimal for sperm survival?
A slightly alkaline pH, provided by seminal vesicle secretions.
