2: CELLS - ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS Flashcards
1
Q
Cell surface membrane
A
- membrane found on surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of other cells
- made of lipids and protein
- regulates movement of substances into and out of cell
- receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
2
Q
Nucleus
A
- surrounded by nuclear envelope which encloses and protects DNA
- nuclear envelope contains pores which allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
- contains nucleolus which makes ribosomes
- contains chromosomes
- controls cell activities
3
Q
Mitochondria
A
- oval shaped
- double membrane
- inner membrane is folded to form cristae
- contains matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
- site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
4
Q
Chloroplast
A
- small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
- double membrane
- contains thylakoid membranes which are stacked in parts of the chloroplast to form grana
- grana are connected by lamellae (thin pieces of thylakoid membrane)
- site of photosynthesis (some happens in grana some happens in stroma (thick fluid in chloroplasts))
5
Q
Golgi apparatus/Golgi body
A
- group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs (often with vesicles at the edges)
- processes and packages new lipids and proteins
- makes lysomes
6
Q
Golgi vesicle
A
- small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
- produced by Golgi apparatus
- stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell (via cell surface membrane)
7
Q
Lysosome
A
- type of Golgi vesicle
- contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest invading cells/break down worn out components of the cell
8
Q
Ribosome
A
- made up of proteins and RNA
- not membrane bound
- site of protein synthesis
9
Q
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A
- system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
- covered in ribosomes
- folds and processes proteins (that have been made at the ribosomes)
10
Q
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A
- system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
- synthesises and processes lipids
11
Q
Cell wall
A
- rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants algae and fungi
- made of cellulose in algae and plants but made of chitin in fungi
- strengthens and supports cell and prevents cell from changing shape
12
Q
Vacuole
A
- membrane bound organelle found in plant cells
- surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast
- contains cell sap to keep cell turgid
- involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell