2: CELLS - ORGANELLES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell surface membrane

A
  • membrane found on surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of other cells
  • made of lipids and protein
  • regulates movement of substances into and out of cell
  • receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
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2
Q

Nucleus

A
  • surrounded by nuclear envelope which encloses and protects DNA
  • nuclear envelope contains pores which allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
  • contains nucleolus which makes ribosomes
  • contains chromosomes
  • controls cell activities
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3
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • oval shaped
  • double membrane
  • inner membrane is folded to form cristae
  • contains matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
  • site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
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4
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
  • double membrane
  • contains thylakoid membranes which are stacked in parts of the chloroplast to form grana
  • grana are connected by lamellae (thin pieces of thylakoid membrane)
  • site of photosynthesis (some happens in grana some happens in stroma (thick fluid in chloroplasts))
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5
Q

Golgi apparatus/Golgi body

A
  • group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs (often with vesicles at the edges)
  • processes and packages new lipids and proteins
  • makes lysomes
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6
Q

Golgi vesicle

A
  • small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
  • produced by Golgi apparatus
  • stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell (via cell surface membrane)
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7
Q

Lysosome

A
  • type of Golgi vesicle
  • contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest invading cells/break down worn out components of the cell
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8
Q

Ribosome

A
  • made up of proteins and RNA
  • not membrane bound
  • site of protein synthesis
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9
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A
  • system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
  • covered in ribosomes
  • folds and processes proteins (that have been made at the ribosomes)
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10
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A
  • system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
  • synthesises and processes lipids
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11
Q

Cell wall

A
  • rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants algae and fungi
  • made of cellulose in algae and plants but made of chitin in fungi
  • strengthens and supports cell and prevents cell from changing shape
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12
Q

Vacuole

A
  • membrane bound organelle found in plant cells
  • surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast
  • contains cell sap to keep cell turgid
  • involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell
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