2. Cells and Control: Mitosis Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
Cell division
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What are Chromosomes and what do they contain?
Contain genetic information
Most cells in body have nucleus - contain genetic material in form of chromosomes - coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
Body cells - two copies of each chromosomes - diploid cells
Cell divides by mitosis - two identical cells - nucleus of each new cell - Same number of chromosomes as original cell
What is the Cell Cycle?
Makes new cells for growth and repair
Body cells - multicellular organisms divide - produce new cells during process called cell cycle - stage when cell divides - called mitosis
Multicellular organisms - use mitosis to grow or to replace cells that have been damaged
Some organisms use mitosis to reproduce - asexual reproduction
What are the main stages of the Cell Cycle?
INTERPHASE
MITOSIS :
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
CYTOKINESIS
What is Interphase?
When the cell grows and increases amount of subcellular structures
Duplicates its DNA - one copy for each new cell
DNA copied and forms X shaped chromosomes - each arm of chromosome is an exact duplicate of the other
What is Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
MITOSIS :
Prophase
Chromosomes condense - get shorter or fatter - membrane around nucleus breaks down - chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell
Anaphase
Spindle fibres pull chromosome apart - two arms of each chromosome goes to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
Membranes form around each sets of chromosomes - become nuclei of the two new cells - the nucleus has divided
Before telophase ends - cytoplasm and cell membrane divide - form two separate cells - CYTOKINESIS
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is produced at the end of Mitosis?
End of mitosis - cell has produced two new daughter cells - contain exactly same sets of chromosomes - genetically identical diploid cells - identical to the parent cell
