2. Cells

Question 1

compare the structure of a plant
cell with an animal cell

Answer 1

Plant- cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, permanent vacuoles, RER

Animal- cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, small vacuoles or vesicles, RER

Question 2

Functions of- cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, RER mitochondria, vacuoles

Answer 2

cell wall- protects and supports the cell (prevents it from bursting)

cell membrane- thin layer of protein and fat that controls what goes in and out of cell

nucleus- genetic information is stored, determines the kinds of proteins to be made.

cytoplasm- clear jelly, metabolic reactions take place, substances like protein dissolved in it.

vacuole- contains solutions of sugars and other substances called cell sap. keep the shape of cell as they press outwards when it’s full.

mitochondria- aerobic respiration

ribosome/RER- protein synthesis- link together long chains of amino acids in a particular sequence.

chloroplast- absorb energy from sunlight and use it to make food for the plant by photosynthesis.

Question 3

structure of a bacterial cell with functions

Answer 3

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes.

circular DNA- provides instruction for making proteins.

plasmids- small, circular DNA used for genetic modification

Question 4

Specialised cells with functions

Answer 4

(a) ciliated cells– movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi, upwards

(b) root hair cells– absorption of water and mineral ions

(c) palisade mesophyll cells- photosynthesis

(d) neurones– conducting electrical impulses

(e) red blood cells– transporting oxygen

(f) sperm and egg cells (gametes)– reproduction

Question 5

meaning of the terms: cell, tissue,
organ, organ system and organism

Answer 5

organism- a living thing

cell-the smallest units from which all organisms are made

tissue-a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

organ- a group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function

organ system- several organs that work together to perform a particular function

Question 6

Magnification- formula and convert measurements between (mm), (μm)

Answer 6

image size / actual size

1mm= 1000 micrometers