2: brief history Flashcards
definition of ecology
the study of rel. among variou smembers of eath household
oikos (or eco) for house, home, place to live
what 2 important figures in early history?
socrates: discussed house & farm mngmnt & the means to sucess in such mngmnt
Aristotle: impt to begin w/ economics of households
how did girls learn housemaking very early on?
they were sent to neighbour /relative to learn housemaking
=> impt to teach basic skills in public edu so all kids can know
who is catherine beecher?
in 19th cen, wrote a treatise on domestic economy
=> how to manage house & family efficiently
=> value the role of housewife in family’s heatlh & advocate for fem edu
=> one of earliest book on said topic
____ revolution: child labour, ___, migration to cities, more ____
___ ___: end child labour, improve working conditions
social reform: aboltion of ____ after (what war)
____ & ___ reform for women
applying science to issues: hygein, preventative medicince, ___
historical context in 19th cen
industrial, pollution, divorce
trade union
slavery after american civil war
electoral & edu
nutrition
what do you need to establish a profession in turn of cen?
- create a professional org
- publish journal, hold meetings
- establish curricula in higher edu
how did early homeco respond to 19th cen?
contagious disease are common, bt no antibioticsearly homeeco advoates for food legislation, inspection, food hygiene
how would post2nd education bring social reform to early homeeco?
- do research (as respected scientist)
- teacher training program (taught to apply scientific principles_
- general education for women : as professionaliza mvmnt occur, more uni-edcated women are entering career, bt some org has restrictions
what is the lake placid conference?
in turn of century
700 ppl attended
discussed abt problems of family & ind & resolution
named ‘homeeco’ for mangemnt of households, invovled in frugality
one argued that sewing & dressmaking contirbute to intelligent consumerism & justice
tell me more abt founder of homeco
Ellen Richards
- first woman to study & enter thye faculty @ MIT
- outstanding scientist & chemical engineer
- set up World Expo (offer nutr lunch for cheap) in Chicago & first school lunch program
- Dewey catalogye HEc under Domestic Economues (marginalize)
who is melvil dewey?
director of state library
sponsored the lake placid conference, known for his library classification system (Dewey Decimal Classification)
which major us leader conducted various dietary studies?
Wilber Atwater conducted dietary studies
- socio-cultural determinantsof food habits
- food omposition is his values
- dvlop nutr standards, w/ prelim knowledge of human nutr (hence, semi-starving on children)
who was the first co-founder of college of HEC at Cornell?
Martha van RASSAELER
wanted to educate farm womeb: survey them abt dishwashing & meal prep
Combined w/ bacteriology, nutr, & kitchen design principles to write 1st bulletin!
who was the second co-director of college of HEc @ Cornell?
Flora Rose:
interpret gov adive into practical
created first fortified breakfast cereal, nutritious, cheap, nonperishable
= HEc focus on nutr ? culinary
passion for science, advocate for em edu, home as source for social change
3 central themes in ellen richard;s life
name all 4 canadian leaders?
adelaide hoodless, sir william macdonald, alice chown, lilian masssel trebbel
effect of WWI?
higher food cost, infre becomes scarce
warmenus discourage the use of what, bacon, beef
=> HEC hataught substitution, created Meatless Monday and Wheatless Wednesday, eat more f/vg
what culinary invention happened in the 1920s?
- canned foods & ready made eals become popular
- sliced bread invented -> sandwiches
- kitchennetes in flats too small, hard to cook
- ideal figure is slim -> crash diet
which tech invention happened in 1920s-1930s?
antibiotics invented, less threat of contagious disease
new minicipal H20 * sewage syst, new cooking appliances
pasteruzied milk now in use
who establish Nutritional Sciences @ UofT
Lilian Massey Treble
which philanthropist suported Guelph, Mcgil & Macdonald Schools
Sir William Macdonald
how did HEc respond to 1930s, Great Depression?
HEc help welfare dept taught women to stretch food budget
classrn -> kitchen
lectured in towns, attend homemakers’sc lub, deliver meal planning
have booklets with income-specific diets
name 1 thing different in WWI vs WWII
more food scarce in WWI
WWI: higher food cost, ingre become scarce
war menus discourage the use of wheat, bacon & beef
=?> HEC taught substitution, have Meatless mONDAY & Wheatless Wednesday, eat more f/vg
respond to failed ohysicals of US army recruit,
=> Roosevelt convene the natl Nutr Conference for Defense
=? expand food stamp & school kunch, focus on nutr edu
- huge market, home freezer & conveince food
gov regulated production so fnon-essential & ration high -values one =?. HEC had to taught diets of non-rationed foods
why was more fem workers impt in 1960s?
(intro to ethnic foods, ore global travel & ethnic restaurant0
- less time teaching kids to cook, less fmaily meals
- more convience food
fill in the blank for 1950s:
more processed foods: modern ____ ____., frozen foods, ___- bcs of mass production of ___
HEc used fictional charac (like ?) to promote products
=> emphasize: depersonalize cooking
lead w/ what
cake mix, chips
fridge
bettty crokcer
comm-based practicum
what was the feminist critique in 1970s?
HEc preserve marriage institutions, nuclear family & turn omen into consumer
conform to existing society
=? major identity crisi at that time
1980s, single parent
more single parent a& working couple: demand for convenience
=> microwave food
new modesl to explain the profession
1990s
early recession > slow down
rise in celeb chief
interest in food quality, variety & nutrition
2000s
a demand for authentic home cooking: ready made moods in market
interest in farmers market, local foods, gardening, financial literaacy
bt ppl still kac basic home management skills
whyw as 2010s called a decade of misinfo?
vcs celeb made unscientific claims
overlaod on public
=? strong interest in reviving HEc, food skills cure chronic disease
why was 2020s & pandemic an enlightening time?
it\affect food supply chain ^ highlight the exiting inequalities in society
highlight hte impt of Hec:
- ppl cant cooi, sew face mask, cant maintian a happy & healthy family
