2: brief history

Question 1

definition of ecology

Answer 1

the study of rel. among variou smembers of eath household
oikos (or eco) for house, home, place to live

Question 2

what 2 important figures in early history?

Answer 2

socrates: discussed house & farm mngmnt & the means to sucess in such mngmnt
Aristotle: impt to begin w/ economics of households

Question 3

how did girls learn housemaking very early on?

Answer 3

they were sent to neighbour /relative to learn housemaking
=> impt to teach basic skills in public edu so all kids can know

Question 4

who is catherine beecher?

Answer 4

in 19th cen, wrote a treatise on domestic economy
=> how to manage house & family efficiently
=> value the role of housewife in family’s heatlh & advocate for fem edu
=> one of earliest book on said topic

Question 5

____ revolution: child labour, ___, migration to cities, more ____
___ ___: end child labour, improve working conditions
social reform: aboltion of ____ after (what war)
____ & ___ reform for women
applying science to issues: hygein, preventative medicince, ___

Answer 5

historical context in 19th cen

industrial, pollution, divorce
trade union
slavery after american civil war
electoral & edu
nutrition

Question 6

what do you need to establish a profession in turn of cen?

Answer 6

1. create a professional org
2. publish journal, hold meetings
3. establish curricula in higher edu

Question 7

how did early homeco respond to 19th cen?

Answer 7

contagious disease are common, bt no antibioticsearly homeeco advoates for food legislation, inspection, food hygiene

Question 8

how would post2nd education bring social reform to early homeeco?

Answer 8

• do research (as respected scientist)
• teacher training program (taught to apply scientific principles_
• general education for women : as professionaliza mvmnt occur, more uni-edcated women are entering career, bt some org has restrictions

Question 9

what is the lake placid conference?

Answer 9

in turn of century

700 ppl attended
discussed abt problems of family & ind & resolution
named ‘homeeco’ for mangemnt of households, invovled in frugality

one argued that sewing & dressmaking contirbute to intelligent consumerism & justice

Question 10

tell me more abt founder of homeco

Answer 10

Ellen Richards
- first woman to study & enter thye faculty @ MIT
- outstanding scientist & chemical engineer
- set up World Expo (offer nutr lunch for cheap) in Chicago & first school lunch program
- Dewey catalogye HEc under Domestic Economues (marginalize)

Question 11

who is melvil dewey?

Answer 11

director of state library
sponsored the lake placid conference, known for his library classification system (Dewey Decimal Classification)

Question 12

which major us leader conducted various dietary studies?

Answer 12

Wilber Atwater conducted dietary studies
- socio-cultural determinantsof food habits
- food omposition is his values
- dvlop nutr standards, w/ prelim knowledge of human nutr (hence, semi-starving on children)

Question 13

who was the first co-founder of college of HEC at Cornell?

Answer 13

Martha van RASSAELER
wanted to educate farm womeb: survey them abt dishwashing & meal prep
Combined w/ bacteriology, nutr, & kitchen design principles to write 1st bulletin!

Question 14

who was the second co-director of college of HEc @ Cornell?

Answer 14

Flora Rose:
interpret gov adive into practical
created first fortified breakfast cereal, nutritious, cheap, nonperishable
= HEc focus on nutr ? culinary

Question 15

passion for science, advocate for em edu, home as source for social change

Answer 15

3 central themes in ellen richard;s life

Question 16

name all 4 canadian leaders?

Answer 16

adelaide hoodless, sir william macdonald, alice chown, lilian masssel trebbel

Question 17

effect of WWI?

Answer 17

higher food cost, infre becomes scarce
warmenus discourage the use of what, bacon, beef
=> HEC hataught substitution, created Meatless Monday and Wheatless Wednesday, eat more f/vg

Question 18

what culinary invention happened in the 1920s?

Answer 18

• canned foods & ready made eals become popular
• sliced bread invented -> sandwiches
• kitchennetes in flats too small, hard to cook
• ideal figure is slim -> crash diet

Question 19

which tech invention happened in 1920s-1930s?

Answer 19

antibiotics invented, less threat of contagious disease
new minicipal H20 * sewage syst, new cooking appliances
pasteruzied milk now in use

Question 20

who establish Nutritional Sciences @ UofT

Answer 20

Lilian Massey Treble

Question 21

which philanthropist suported Guelph, Mcgil & Macdonald Schools

Answer 21

Sir William Macdonald

Question 22

how did HEc respond to 1930s, Great Depression?

Answer 22

HEc help welfare dept taught women to stretch food budget
classrn -> kitchen
lectured in towns, attend homemakers’sc lub, deliver meal planning
have booklets with income-specific diets

Question 23

name 1 thing different in WWI vs WWII

Answer 23

more food scarce in WWI
WWI: higher food cost, ingre become scarce
war menus discourage the use of wheat, bacon & beef

=?> HEC taught substitution, have Meatless mONDAY & Wheatless Wednesday, eat more f/vg

respond to failed ohysicals of US army recruit,
=> Roosevelt convene the natl Nutr Conference for Defense
=? expand food stamp & school kunch, focus on nutr edu

• huge market, home freezer & conveince food
  gov regulated production so fnon-essential & ration high -values one =?. HEC had to taught diets of non-rationed foods

Question 24

why was more fem workers impt in 1960s?

Answer 24

(intro to ethnic foods, ore global travel & ethnic restaurant0

• less time teaching kids to cook, less fmaily meals
• more convience food

Question 25

fill in the blank for 1950s:

more processed foods: modern ____ ____., frozen foods, ___- bcs of mass production of ___
HEc used fictional charac (like ?) to promote products
=> emphasize: depersonalize cooking
lead w/ what

Answer 25

cake mix, chips
fridge
bettty crokcer
comm-based practicum

Question 26

what was the feminist critique in 1970s?

Answer 26

HEc preserve marriage institutions, nuclear family & turn omen into consumer
conform to existing society
=? major identity crisi at that time

Question 27

1980s, single parent

Answer 27

more single parent a& working couple: demand for convenience
=> microwave food
new modesl to explain the profession

Question 28

1990s

Answer 28

early recession > slow down
rise in celeb chief
interest in food quality, variety & nutrition

Question 29

2000s

Answer 29

a demand for authentic home cooking: ready made moods in market
interest in farmers market, local foods, gardening, financial literaacy
bt ppl still kac basic home management skills

Question 30

whyw as 2010s called a decade of misinfo?

Answer 30

vcs celeb made unscientific claims
overlaod on public
=? strong interest in reviving HEc, food skills cure chronic disease

Question 31

why was 2020s & pandemic an enlightening time?

Answer 31

it\affect food supply chain ^ highlight the exiting inequalities in society
highlight hte impt of Hec:
- ppl cant cooi, sew face mask, cant maintian a happy & healthy family