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Neurology > 2: Brain Tumours > Flashcards

2: Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is a brain tumour

A

Abnormal mass of cells in brain parenchyma

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2
Q

What are primary brain tumours

A

Brain tumours that arise in brain parenchyma

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3
Q

What are secondary brain tumours

A

Other tumours that metastasise to the brain

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4
Q

What 5 tumours metastasise to the brain

A
  • Breast
  • Bowel
  • Lung
  • Melanoma
  • Kidney
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5
Q

What is the most common tumour to metastasise to the brain

A

Lung carcinoma

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6
Q

What is the most common paediatric primary brain tumour

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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7
Q

What is the most severe paediatric primary brain tumour

A

Medulloblastoma

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8
Q

Where are pilocytic astrocytoma from

A

Astrocytes - usually posterior fossa

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9
Q

What is a histological diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Rosenthal fibres

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10
Q

Where do medulloblastomas arise from

A

Neuroectodermal tumours

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11
Q

Where do ependymoma arise

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

Where are ependymal cells seen

A

4th Ventricle

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13
Q

What do ependymoma’s cause

A

Obstructive hydrocephalus

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14
Q

Where does craniopharyngioma occur

A

Supra-tentorial

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15
Q

Where are craniopharyngioma’s derived from

A

Solid tumour of sellar region derived from Rathke’s pouch

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16
Q

What tumour is most common in adults

A

Metastatic Tumour

17
Q

What is the most common primary tumour in adults

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme

18
Q

What are meningioma cells

A

Tumour of dura mater that cause symptoms due to compression

19
Q

Where do glioblastoma multiform arise from

A

Astrocytes

20
Q

Where are glioblastoma multiform found

A

Cerebral hemisphere

21
Q

How can glioblastoma multiforme be identified on imaging

A

Solid tumour with central necrosis that enhances with contrast

22
Q

What is problem with glioblastoma multiforme

A

Disrupts BBB and cause vasogenic oedema

23
Q

What is vestibular schwannoma

A

Tumour of schwann cells in CN8

24
Q

What does bilateral vestibular schwannomas indicate

A

Neurofibromatosis 2

25
Q

Where are olgiodendromas from

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

Where can oligodendromas be found

A

Benign slow-growing tumour of oligodendrocytes

27
Q

What is hemangioblastoma

A

Vascular tumour of cerebellum

28
Q

What is hemangioblastoma associated with

A

Von Hippel Lindau

29
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma

A

Tumour of pituitary gland

30
Q

What does pituitary adenoma cause

A

Superior quadrantopia, Bitemporal hemianopia

31
Q

How do brain tumours present

A

Symptoms raised ICP:

  • Morning headache
  • Seizures
  • Vomiting

(Specific symptoms depend on tumour)

32
Q

What is first-line diagnosis for brain tumours

A

CT

MRI

33
Q

How are brain tumours managed

A

Dexamethasone

Neurosurgical referral

Neurology (26 decks)

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