1(E): Seizure Flashcards

1
Q

Define Seizure

A

Irregular electrical activity in the brain due to hyper excitability of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are seizures classified

A
  • Aetiology

- Clinical Presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are unprovoked seizures

A

Epileptic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can predispose to unprovoked seizures

A

Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury

Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are provoked seizures

A

Dur to underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are commonest cause of seizures in neonates

A
  • Hypoxic Injury
  • Metabolic
  • Congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common causes of seizures in infants

A
  • Febrile
  • Infection
  • TBI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are common causes of seizures in adolescents

A
  • Infection
  • TBI
  • Illicit drug-use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common causes of seizures in young-adults

A
  • TBI
  • Alcohol withdrawal
  • Illicit drug-use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are common causes of seizures in adults

A
  • Alcohol withdrawal
  • Stroke
  • SOL
  • Metabolic abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are seizures classified

A
  • Focal
  • Generalised
  • Unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are focal seizures

A
  • Occur in one hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do focal seizures with impaired consciousness present

A
  • Temporal Lobe Seizure (80%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If a seizure originates in frontal lobe what are 5 key features

A
  • Peddling legs
  • Jacksonian march
  • Behavioural disturbance
  • Dysphasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If seizure originates in parietal lobe what are the features

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If seizure originates in occipital lobe what are the features

A

Visual

17
Q

Where do focal seizures with impaired awareness arise

A

Temporal lobe (80%)

18
Q

What is a classical feature of temporal lobe seizures before it occurs

A

Aura - visual, auditory or gustatory hallucinations

19
Q

What are features during the seizure that are characteristic of temporal lobe seizures

A
  • Deja Vu
  • Jamais Vu
  • Automatisms
  • Epigastric rising
  • Emotion
  • Bizarre associations
  • LOC
  • Delusions
20
Q

What is post-ictal state of temporal lobe seizures

A

Post-Ictal Confusion

21
Q

What is an acronym to remember seizure causes

A

HEAD

Hallucinations
Epigastric rising, Emotion
Automatisms
Deja vu, Delusions

22
Q

What are generalised seizures

A

Start in both hemispheres

23
Q

What are four-types of absence seizures

A
  • Atonic
  • Generalised T-C
  • Myoclonic
  • Absence
24
Q

What are absence seizures

A

Brief pauses for 10s

25
Q

When are absence seizures more common

A

Childhood

26
Q

Explain tonic-clonic seizures

A

Individual goes stiff and then jerks uncontrollably. Associated with LOC, Tongue-biting, Incontinence. Post-Ictal Confusion.

27
Q

What is myoclonic seizure

A

Violent disobedient jerking limb or face

28
Q

What are atonic seizures

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone

29
Q

What is sheldon’s questionnaire

A

Used to determine if likely seizure. More than one indicates seizure, less than one indicates syncope.

30
Q

What should be ordered in seizures

A
  • FBC, Blood Culture
  • U+E
  • Toxicology
  • ECG
  • MRI