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Musculoskeletal > 2 Bones > Flashcards

2 Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are axial bones

A

Head
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum

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2
Q

What are appendicular bones

A

Thoracic and pelvic limbs

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3
Q

What are flat bones

A

Skull
Scapula
Pelvis

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4
Q

Long bone

A

Appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

What are the layers of long bone from inside to distal

A

Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis

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6
Q

What is cancellous bone

A

Inside spongy bone

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7
Q

What is Cortical bone

A

Outside hard bone

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8
Q

What is the name for immature bone

A

Woven bone

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9
Q

What is in laminar bone

A

Osteon or haversian structures
Interstital Osteons
Circumferential lamili

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10
Q

What is in the osteon

A

Haversian canals which have blood vessels in them

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11
Q

What are canniuclui

A

Empty spaces in bone that have fluid and connect through gap junctions

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12
Q

What covers the bone

A

Periosteum

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the periosteum

A

Outer fiberous layer made of dense connective tissue

Inner osteogenic layer composed of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts

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14
Q

What kind of both growth does the osteogenic layer participate in

A

Appositional

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15
Q

Bone lining cells

A

Same as osteocytes but stay on surface

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16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

On bone surfaces
Bone formation
Basophilic
Occur in groups

17
Q

What does osteoblasts produce

A

Type 1 collage,
proteoglycans,
bone specific proteins

18
Q

Osteocytes

A

Most abundant cell in mature bones

Differentiated Osteoblasts in bone matrix

19
Q

What is in lacuna

A

Osteocytes nuclei

20
Q

What do osteocytes do

A

Sense and translate mechanical strain into signals to cause bone loss or growth as needed

21
Q

Bone lining cells

A

Resting cells
Communicate with osteocytes
Regulate flow of calcium
Can convert into osteoblasts

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A 
Large multinucleated cells
Bone resorption
Acidophillic
Increase activity with PTH
Decrease activity with E2 and calcitonin
23
Q

What regulates bone resorption

A

Rank/rankL/OPG signaling

24
Q

How are flat bones grown

A

Intramembranous ossification

25
Q

What are the 2 methods of bone resorption

A

Decalcification of bone matrix

Digestion of the organic components of bone matrix

Musculoskeletal (8 decks)

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