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Musculoskeletal > 1 Davenport Musculoskeletal Physiology > Flashcards

1 Davenport Musculoskeletal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Skeletal improvements to enhance speed

A

Very limb elongation

Much proximal mass distribution

Many Disproportional growth of distal bones

Such Increase spine flexibility

Wow.

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2
Q

Speed =

A

Distance traveled/time

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3
Q

Distance =

A

Stride length

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4
Q

Time=

A

Stride frequency

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5
Q

What does proximal mass distribution do to increase speed

A

Increase stride frequency

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6
Q

What does disproportional growth of distal bones do to increase speed

A

Elongates limb and increases frequency

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7
Q

What are consequences of adaptations to increase speed

A

Change in stance
Loss of digits
Loss of manipulative skills

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8
Q

What is the least movable part of muscle

A

Origin

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9
Q

What are the 3 muscle types

A

Parallel
Fusiform
Fanshaped

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10
Q

Were would you find a parallel muscle

A

Hyoid

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11
Q

Where would you find a fusiform muscle

A

gastracnemious

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12
Q

Where would you find a fan-shaped muscle

A

Pectorals

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13
Q

What happens when muscles are pennated

A

Smaller range of shortening

Greater force

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14
Q

What are type 2 muscle fibers

A

Fast twitch

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15
Q

What are type 1 muscle fibers

A

Slow contraction

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16
Q

Endurance runners have more of what muscle fibers

A

Type 1

17
Q

Sprinters have more of what muscle fibers

A

Type 2

18
Q

Agonist muscles

A

Produce similarly directed movements

19
Q

Antagonist muscles

A

Oppositely directed movements

20
Q

Isometric contraction

A

force generated at constant length

Lifting a weight

21
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Internal force exceeds the external force
Muscle shortens at constant velocity
Lifting an immovable object

22
Q

Concentric movement

A

Isotonic contraction in shortening direction

ex. Lifting a weight

23
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Lengthening of contraction muscle

ex. after kicking a ball, muscles tighten to stop your leg from moving forward

24
Q

Flexion

A

Typically decrease joint angle

25
Q

Extention

A

increase joint angle

26
Q

Moment arm definition

A

perpendicular distance from an axis to the line of application of force

27
Q

Torque equation

A

Force x movement arm

28
Q

How is range of motion/movement arm related to insertion of a muscle on a joint

A

Insertion closer to joint= larger range of motion, lower movement arm

29
Q

How does torque change as joint angle changes

A

The movement arm is small when arm is fully flexed/extended = smaller torque

Musculoskeletal (8 decks)

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