1 Davenport Musculoskeletal Physiology

Question 1

4 Skeletal improvements to enhance speed

Answer 1

Very limb elongation

Much proximal mass distribution

Many Disproportional growth of distal bones

Such Increase spine flexibility

Wow.

Question 2

Speed =

Answer 2

Distance traveled/time

Question 3

Distance =

Answer 3

Stride length

Question 4

Time=

Answer 4

Stride frequency

Question 5

What does proximal mass distribution do to increase speed

Answer 5

Increase stride frequency

Question 6

What does disproportional growth of distal bones do to increase speed

Answer 6

Elongates limb and increases frequency

Question 7

What are consequences of adaptations to increase speed

Answer 7

Change in stance
Loss of digits
Loss of manipulative skills

Question 8

What is the least movable part of muscle

Answer 8

Origin

Question 9

What are the 3 muscle types

Answer 9

Parallel
Fusiform
Fanshaped

Question 10

Were would you find a parallel muscle

Answer 10

Hyoid

Question 11

Where would you find a fusiform muscle

Answer 11

gastracnemious

Question 12

Where would you find a fan-shaped muscle

Answer 12

Pectorals

Question 13

What happens when muscles are pennated

Answer 13

Smaller range of shortening

Greater force

Question 14

What are type 2 muscle fibers

Answer 14

Fast twitch

Question 15

What are type 1 muscle fibers

Answer 15

Slow contraction

Question 16

Endurance runners have more of what muscle fibers

Answer 16

Type 1

Question 17

Sprinters have more of what muscle fibers

Answer 17

Type 2

Question 18

Agonist muscles

Answer 18

Produce similarly directed movements

Question 19

Antagonist muscles

Answer 19

Oppositely directed movements

Question 20

Isometric contraction

Answer 20

force generated at constant length

Lifting a weight

Question 21

Isotonic contraction

Answer 21

Internal force exceeds the external force
Muscle shortens at constant velocity
Lifting an immovable object

Question 22

Concentric movement

Answer 22

Isotonic contraction in shortening direction

ex. Lifting a weight

Question 23

Eccentric contraction

Answer 23

Lengthening of contraction muscle

ex. after kicking a ball, muscles tighten to stop your leg from moving forward

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

Typically decrease joint angle

Question 25

Extention

Answer 25

increase joint angle

Question 26

Moment arm definition

Answer 26

perpendicular distance from an axis to the line of application of force

Question 27

Torque equation

Answer 27

Force x movement arm

Question 28

How is range of motion/movement arm related to insertion of a muscle on a joint

Answer 28

Insertion closer to joint= larger range of motion, lower movement arm

Question 29

How does torque change as joint angle changes

Answer 29

The movement arm is small when arm is fully flexed/extended = smaller torque