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Medical Microbiology & Immunology > 2. Bacterial Nutrition and Growth > Flashcards

2. Bacterial Nutrition and Growth Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The requirements for growth

A
  1. Physical
    - Temperature
    - pH
    - Oxygen
    - Osmotic pressure
  2. Chemical
    - Carbon
    - Nitrogen, Sulfur & Phosphorus
    - Trace elements
    - Oxygen
    - Organic growth factor
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2
Q

Temperature and Microbial Growth

A
  1. Minimum temperature
  2. Optimum temperature
  3. Maximum temperature
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3
Q

Minimum Temperature

A

temperature below which growth ceases/ lowest temperature at which microbes will grow.

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4
Q

Optimum Temperature

A

Temperature at which its growth rate is the fastest.

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5
Q

Maximum Temperature

A

Temperature above which growth ceases, or highest temperature at which microbes will grow.

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6
Q

pH & Microbial growth

A

Acidophiles : organisms that grow best at low pH (optimum in pH range 1-4)
Alkalophiles : organisms that grow best at high pH (optimum in pH range 8.5-11)

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7
Q

Osmotic effect and water activity

A
  1. Osmophiles
  2. Osmotolerant
  3. Halophiles
  4. Halotolerant
  5. Barophiles
  6. Barotolerant
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8
Q

Osmophiles

A

organisms which thrive in high solute

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9
Q

Osmotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high solute

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10
Q

Halophiles

A

organisms which thrive in high salt

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11
Q

Halotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high salt

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12
Q

Barophiles

A

organisms which thrive in high pressure

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13
Q

Barotolerant

A

organisms which tolerate high pressure

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14
Q

Oxygen & Microbial growth

A
  1. Aerobes
    - Obligate
    - Facultative
    - Microaerophiles
  2. Anaerobes
    - Aerotolerant
    - Obligate
    - Facultative
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15
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

require oxygen to grow

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16
Q

Facultative aerobe

A

can live with or without oxygen but grow better with oxygen

17
Q

Microaerophiles

A

require reduced level of oxygen

18
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

can tolerate oxygen but grow better without oxygen.

19
Q

Obligate anaerobe

A
  • do not require oxygen

- are killed by oxygen

20
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A

Grow better in oxygen

21
Q

Types of media

A
  1. Physical state
  2. Chemical composition
  3. Functional type
22
Q

Physical states of media

A
  1. Liquid
  2. Semisolid
  3. Solid (can be converted into a liquid)
  4. Solid (cannot be converted into a liquid)
23
Q

Chemical composition of cultural media

A
  1. Synthetic media

2. Complex/ Non-synthetic media

24
Q

Functional type of cultural media

A
  1. Selective media
  2. Differential media
  3. Enrichment media
25
Q

Binary fission

A
  1. Cell elongates
  2. Cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
  3. Cross-wall forms completely around divided DNA
  4. Cells separate
26
Q

Four major phases of growth in batch culture

A
  1. The lag phase
  2. The logarithmic phase
  3. The stationary phase
  4. The death phase

Medical Microbiology & Immunology (6 decks)

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