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Anatomy 2 > 2: Anterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

2: Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

ACT boundaries

A

anterior=midline of neck

posterior=SCM

superior=inf border of mandible

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2
Q

suprahyoid mm.

A

stylohyoid m.
digastric m.
mylohyoid m.
geniohyoid m.

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3
Q

infrahyoid mm.

A

omohyoid m.
sternohyoid m.
thyrohyoid m.
sternothyroid m.

(sternothyroid m. and thyrohyoid m. are deep to the sternohyoid m.)

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4
Q

stylohyoid m.

A

a: pulls hyoid bone upward in posterosuperior direction
inn: facial n. (CN VII)

(this is an arch 2 m.)

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5
Q

digastric m.

A

a: supports & elevated floor of mouth; elevates hyoid
inn: V3 (mylohyoid branch coming off the inf alveolar branch of V3)

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6
Q

geniohyoid m.

A

a: if mandible is fixed, it elevates & pulls hyoid forward. if hyoid is fixed, it pulls mandible downward & inward
inn: branch from ant ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

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7
Q

sternohyoid m.

A

a: depresses hyoid after swallowing
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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8
Q

omohyoid m.

A

a: depresses & fixes hyoid
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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9
Q

thyrohyoid m.

A

a: depresses hyoid. when hyoid is fixed, it raises pharynx to get it out of the way when swallowing
inn: fibers from ant ramus of C1 carried via the hypoglossal n. (CN XII) (n. to thyrohyoid m.)

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10
Q

sternothyroid m.

A

a: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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11
Q

veins of the neck

A 
facial v.
retromandibular v.
anterior jugular v.
communicating branch
internal jugular v.
external jugular v.
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12
Q

which two veins form external jugular v.

A

facial v. and posterior auricular v.

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13
Q

what is found in between internal and external jugular veins

A

SCM and superior belly of omohyoid

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14
Q

draining of head & neck

A

ipsilateral, right drains right and left drains left

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15
Q

retromandibular v.

A

formed by superficial temporal v. & maxillary v.

have anterior and posterior divisions

ant div + facial v. = common facial v. (which drains into internal jugular v.)

post div + post auricular v. = external jugular v.

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16
Q

ACT arteries

A

internal carotid a.
external carotid a.
common carotid a.
(bifurcation at C3-C4)

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17
Q

external carotid a. branches

A

3 anterior:
superior thyroid a.
lingual a.
facial a.

3 posterior:
ascending pharyngeal a.
occipital a.
posterior auricular a.

terminates as: superficial temporal a. & maxillary a.

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18
Q

superior thyroid a.

A

1st anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises from anterior surface near bifurcation

gives off superior laryngeal a.

supplies superior portion of thyroid gland

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19
Q

lingual a.

A

2nd anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises just above superior thyroid a. at level of greater horn of hyoid

passes deeply into mm. of tongue

20
Q

facial a.

A

3rd anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises just superior to lingual a.

crosses inf border of mandible to supply face

21
Q

ascending pharyngeal a.

A

1st posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises close to bifurcation

ascends to supply pharynx & tonsils

22
Q

occipital a.

A

2nd posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises near level and posteriorly to the origin of facial a.

passes deep to posterior belly of digastric m.

ascends to supply neck & scalp

sends off muscular branch to SCM (hooks over CN XII)

23
Q

posterior auricular a.

A

3rd posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises superior to origin of occipital a.

superior to posterior belly of digastric m.

passes upward & posteriorly to supply scalp posterior to ear

(sometimes too deep and high to find it)

24
Q

spinal nerve branches

A 
transverse cervical n. (C2-C3)
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
25
Q

cranial nerves

A 
facial n. (CN VII)
glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
vagus n. (CN X)
accessory n. (CN XI)
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
26
Q

transverse cervical n.

A

(C2-C3)

runs transversely across middle of SCM

supplies skin of ACT & lateral neck

27
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

n. loop from ant rami (C1-C3)
inn. infrahyoid mm.

superior root: mainly of C1 fibers from ant rami

inferior root: ant rami of C2 & C3

28
Q

ACT subdivisions

A

submental triangle
submandibular triangle
muscular triangle
carotid triangle

29
Q

submental triangle borders

A

inferior=hyoid bone

lateral (right)=ant. belly of digastric m.

lateral (left)=ant. belly of digastric m.

30
Q

submental triangle contents

A

mylohyoid m.
submental lymph nodes
some small veins

31
Q

submandibular (digastric) triangle borders

A

superior=inf border of mandible

anterior/inferior=ant. belly of digastric m.

posterior/inferior=post. belly of digastric m.

32
Q

submandibular (digastric) triangle contents

A

submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
marginal mandibular branch of facial n. (CN VII) (supplies mm. of facial exp)
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
mylohyoid n. (of CN V3) (supplies mylohyoid m. & ant. belly of digastric m.)
facial a. & v.

33
Q

muscular triangle borders

A

superior=hyoid bone

lateral=sup belly of omohyoid m. & ant border of SCM m.

medial=midline of neck

34
Q

muscular triangle muscle contents

A

omohyoid m.
sternohyoid m.
sternothyroid m.
thyrohyoid m.

35
Q

muscular triangle viscera contents

A 
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
trachea
esophagus
common carotid a.
internal jugular v.
36
Q

carotid triangle borders

A

superior=stylohyoid m. & post belly of digastric m.

posterior=ant border of SCM m.

anteroinferior=superior belly of omohyoid m.

37
Q

carotid triangle nn.

A 
accessory n. (CN XI)
vagus n. (CN X)
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
laryngeal nn. (CN X branches)
38
Q

carotid triangle aa.

A

common carotid a.
internal carotid a.
external carotid a.
6 branches of external carotid a.

39
Q

carotid triangle vv.

A

all branches have accompanying vv. draining into the IJV

40
Q

carotid sheath

A 
carotid a. (common carotid a. & internal carotid a.)
carotid sinus (baroreceptors are here!)
internal jugular v.
vagus n. (CN X)
41
Q

subclavian a.

A

vertebral a.
thyrocervical trunk=inf thyroid a.+transverse cervical a.

ascending cervical a. branches off inf thyroid a.

transverse cervical a. goes posteriorly

42
Q

lymphatics of root of the neck

A

right lymphatic duct

thoracic (left lymphatic) duct

43
Q

nn. of root of the neck

A

phrenic n. (C3-C5) (“C3, 4, 5, keep you breathing and alive”
vagus n. (CN X)
recurrent laryngeal n. (asymmetrical in neck)
sympathetics

44
Q

sympathetic trunk (chain) and ganglia

A

superior cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion (combines with 1st thoracic ganglion & forms cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion)

45
Q

cervical viscera

A

thyroid & parathyroid glands (anterior)
larynx & trachea
pharynx & esophagus (posteriorly)

46
Q

vasculature of thyroid & parathyroid glands

A

superior & inferior thyroid aa.

superior, middle & inferior thyroid vv.

47
Q

prevertebral mm.

A

lie directly posterior to retropharyngeal space

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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