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D1 Spring - Occlusion & Fixed Pros. > 2/7: Anatomy of the TMJ > Flashcards

2/7: Anatomy of the TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

The joint where the mandible articulates with
the base of the cranium

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2
Q

Where does the condyle fit into?

A

Articular fossa

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3
Q

What make up the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

Mandibular fossa
Glennoid fossa
Articular fossa

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4
Q

What is a compound joint?

A

More than three bones

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5
Q

What are the types of compound joints?

A

Condyle, temporal, articular disc

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6
Q

What does a complex joint do?

A

Allows more than one type of movement

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7
Q

What does the ginglymoid joint of the ginlymoarthroidal joint imply?

A

Implies hinging movement permitted

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8
Q

What does the arthroidal joint of the ginlymoarthroidal joint imply?

A

Implies gliding movement

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9
Q

What does the ginglymoarthroidal joint imply?

A

Both hinging and gliding movements

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10
Q

What does the synovial joint contain?

A

Synovial fluid

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11
Q

What kind of movements does the arthroidal joint have?

A

Translational movement

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12
Q

What kind of movements does the ginglymus joint have?

A

Rotational movements

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13
Q

What kind of movements does the ginglymo-arthroidal joint have?

A

Rotational and translational movement

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14
Q

What is the articular disc made of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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15
Q

What is the shape of the articular disc?

A

Concave on the inferior part
Concavo-convex on the superior part

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16
Q

Is the articular disc innervated?

A

Non-innervated and avascular
- poor reperative capacity

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17
Q

Is the articular disc flexible?

A

Somewhat flexible

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18
Q

What are the three sections the articular disc is divided into?

A

Anterior zone
Middle or intermediate zone (thinnest)
Posterior (thickest)
- posterior > anterior > middle

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19
Q

The articular surface of the condyle functions on the __________ zone of the disc

A

Intermediate

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20
Q

What is the TMJ disc divided into?

A

Medial and lateral parts

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21
Q

Where is the TMJ disc thicker?

A

Medially than laterally

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22
Q

What attaches the TMJ disc to the medial and lateral poles of the condyle to the surrounding capsule?

A

Discal/collateral ligaments

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23
Q

What is the articular zone of the condyle and fossa?

A

Most superficial layer
Made of dense fibrous CT rather than hyaline cartilage
Less susceptible to aging and better ability to repair

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24
Q

What is the proliferative zone of the condyle and fossa?

A

Contains undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells and is responsible for
proliferation of articular cartilage in response to
loads

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25
Q

What is the fibrocartilaginous zone of the condyle and fossa?

A

3D network of collagen
offering resistance to lateral and compressive forces

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26
Q

What is the calcified zone of the condyle and fossa?

A

Made up of chrondrocytes and chrondoblasts. Active site for bone remodeling.

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27
Q

All areas of the synovial joint are involved in?

A

Articulation (internal surfaces of the cavities)

28
Q

What are synovial joints covered with?

A

Specialized endothelial cells that form the synovial lining

29
Q

What do synovial joints produce? and what does this provide?

A

Synovial fluid (provides metabolic requirements and lubrication)

30
Q

What are the two lubricants of the synovia fluid?

A

Boundary lubrication
Weeping lubrication

31
Q

What is boundary lubrication?

A

movement of fluid from one
area of the joint cavity to another, prevents
friction

32
Q

What is weeping lubrication?

A

articular surfaces absorb
some of the fluid, increased absorption during
function, metabolic exchange

33
Q

What nerves innervate the TMJ?

A

Mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve (auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves)

34
Q

What artery’s innervate the TMJ?

A

Superficial temporal artery mainly, which is
a branch of the external carotid artery

35
Q

What are the two ways the disc is attached?

A

Posteriorly
Anteriorly

36
Q

What ligament is the disc attached to?

A

The capsular ligament not only anteriorly, but also posteriorly, medially, and laterally

37
Q

What are the posterior attachments of the disc?

A

Superior retrodiscal lamina
Inferior retrodiscal lamina

38
Q

What does the superior retrodiscal lamina attach?

A

The articular disc to the tympanic plate

39
Q

What is the superior retrodiscal lamina made of?

A

Connective tissue
lots of elastic fibers

40
Q

What does the superior retrodiscal lamina do?

A

Stretches as joint is moved forward

41
Q

What is the inferior retrodiscal lamina?

A

Collagenous attachment (not elastic)

42
Q

What does the inferior retrodiscal lamina attach?

A

Posterior of disc to the posterior margin of the articular surface of the condyle

43
Q

What are the anterior attachments of the disc? (Collagenous)

A
  • superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (tendinous)
  • superior anterior attachment
  • inferior anterior attachment
44
Q

What doe the superior anterior attachment attach?

A

– to the Capsular Ligament
– to the anterior margin of the articular surface
of the temporal bone

45
Q

What doe the inferior anterior attachment attach?

A

– to the Capsular ligament
– to anterior margin of the articular surface of
the condyle

46
Q

What are the joint cavities of the TMJ?

A

Superior joint cavity
Inferior joint cavity

47
Q

What is the superior joint cavity bordered by?

A

– glenoid fossa
– superior aspect of the disc

48
Q

What is the inferior joint cavity bordered by?

A

– inferior aspect of the disc
– superior aspect of the condyle

49
Q

What does the disc divide the joint into?

A

Two joint cavities
Rotation
Translation

50
Q

Where does rotation occur?

A

In the inferior joint compartment

51
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the superior joint compartment

52
Q

What are the functional ligaments of the TMJ?

A

– Collateral/Discal ligaments
– Capsular ligament
– Temporomandibular ligament

53
Q

What are the accessory ligaments of the TMJ?

A

– Sphenomandibular ligament
– Stylomandibular ligament

54
Q

What is the capsular ligament/joint capsule?

A

Ligament that surrounds the joint like a curtain

55
Q

What is the capsular ligament/joint capsule attached to?

A

Attached to the base of the skull and the condyle
Attached at the periphery of the articular parts
Also attached to the disc medially and laterally

56
Q

What does the capsular ligament/joint capsule retain?

A

Synovial fluid

57
Q

What is the temporomandibular ligament?

A

Thickening of the capsular ligament on the lateral
aspect

58
Q

What does the temporomandibular ligament extend from?

A

articular tubercle and zygomatic
process to the lateral pole and neck of the condyle,
and the disk

59
Q

What are the two parts of the temporomandibular ligament?

A

– Outer oblique
– Inner horizontal

60
Q

What is the function of the outer oblique part of the temporomandibular ligament?

A

– Prevents over rotation of the mandible
– Causes translation of the mandible after 20-25
mm opening

61
Q

What is the function of the inner horizontal part of the temporomandibular ligament?

A

– Limits posterior movement onto the highly
innervated retrodiscal tissue (PAIN)
– Prevents excessive overextension of the lateral
pterygoid muscle

62
Q

What does the sphenomandibular ligament arise from?

A

The spine of the sphenoid bone

63
Q

Where does the sphenomandibular ligament insert on?

A

The medial surface of the ramus of the mandible called the lingula

64
Q

What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament?

A

No known function in limiting mandibular movement

65
Q

What does the stylomandibular movement arise from?

A

Styloid process

66
Q

What does the stylomandibular movement insert into?

A

The posterior border of the ramus of the mandible

67
Q

What is the function of
the stylomandibular movement?

A

Limits excessive protrusive movement of the mandible

D1 Spring - Occlusion & Fixed Pros. (17 decks)

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