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D1 Spring - Occlusion & Fixed Pros. > 1/17: Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

1/17: Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

How many maxillary bones are there?

A

2

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2
Q

Where are the maxillary bones fused together?

A

At the mid-palatal suture

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3
Q

What is the superior border of the maxilla?

A

Floor of the nasal cavity and orbit

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4
Q

What is the inferior border of the maxilla?

A

Palate and alveolar ridge

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5
Q

What are the two components of the maxilla?

A

Body and processes

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6
Q

What make up the processes?

A

Zygomatic
Frontal
Alveolar
Palatine

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7
Q

What is the largest and strongest bone on the skull?

A

Mandible

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8
Q

What two components make up the mandible?

A

Body and ramus

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9
Q

What is the superior aspect of the mandible?

A

Alveolar crest and teeth

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10
Q

What parts make up the body-posterior aspect of the mandible?

A

Mandibular angle
Ascending Ramus

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11
Q

What makes up the ascending ramus?

A

Coronoid process and condyle

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12
Q

What does the condyle articulate with?

A

The cranium

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13
Q

What poles make up the condyle?

A

Medial and lateral poles

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14
Q

What is the mediolateral length of the condyle?

A

15-20 mm

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15
Q

What is the anterior-posterior width?

A

8-10 mm

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16
Q

What does the squamous portion of the temproal bone articulate with?

A

The mandibular condyle

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17
Q

What are the two fossa’s of the temporal bone?

A

Articular or glenoid fossa

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18
Q

What is the articular eminence?

A

Thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces

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19
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Lateral pterygoids
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

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20
Q

What are the two heads of the masseter?

A

Superficial
Deep

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21
Q

How do the superficial head fibers of the masseter run?

A

Downward and backward

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22
Q

How do the deep deep head fibers of the masseter run?

A

Fibers run in a vertical direction

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23
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

Anterior 2/3 of lower border of Zygomatich arch

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter?

A

Lateral surface of ramus coronoid process and angle of the mandible

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25
Q

What is the funciton of the masseter?

A

Elevates the mandible
Powerful muscle providing the force for chewing

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26
Q

What does the superficial head of the masseter aid in?

A

Protrusion

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27
Q

What is the function of the deep head of the masseter?

A

Stabilizes the condyle against the emence

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28
Q

What is the blood supply of the masseter?

A

A muscular branch of the maxillary artery

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29
Q

What is the nerve supply of the masseter?

A

Masseteric nerve of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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30
Q

What are the three distinct divisions of the temproalis?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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31
Q

How do the fibers run in the anterior division of the temporalis?

A

Vertical directed fibers

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32
Q

How do the fibers run in the middle divison of the temporalis?

A

Fibers run obliquely across lateral aspect of the skull

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33
Q

How do the fibers run in the posterior division of the temporalis?

A

Horizontal fibers come forward above the ear to join other temporalis fibers

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34
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis?

A

Temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull

35
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

A

Coronoid process and anterior border of ascending ramus

36
Q

What is the action of the anterior temporalis?

A

Mandible is raised vertically

37
Q

What is the action of the middle temporalis?

A

Elevates and retrudes the mandible

38
Q

What is the action of the posterior temporalis?

A

Aids in retrusion of the mandible

39
Q

What is the blood supply of the temporalis?

A

A muscular branch of the maxillary artery

40
Q

What is the nerve supply of the temporalis?

A

Deep temporal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

41
Q

What are the two heads of the lateral (external) pterygoid?

A
  1. Superior lateral pterygoid
  2. Inferior lateral pterygoid
42
Q

What is the origin of the inferior lateral pterygoid?

A

Outer surface of lateral pterygoid plate

43
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior lateral pterygoid?

A

Neck of condyle

44
Q

Where does the inferior lateral pterygoid extend?

A

Backward, upward, and outward

45
Q

What does the bilteral contraction of the inferior lateral pterygoid cause?

A

The condyles to be pulled down the articular eminences and the mandible is protruded

46
Q

What does the unilateral contraction of the inferior lateral pterygoid cause?

A

Mediotrusive movement (downward, forward, and medially)

47
Q

What is the smallest of the two bellies?

A

Superior lateral pterygoid

48
Q

What is the origin of the superior lateral pterygoid?

A

Infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing

49
Q

What is the insertion of the superior lateral pterygoid?

A

Disk, capsule, and neck of the condyle

50
Q

When is the superior lateral pterygoid inactive?

A

During mandibular opening

51
Q

When is the superior lateral pterygoid active?

A

Only with elevator muscle (closure of the mandible)

52
Q

What muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance (chewing or clenching)?

A

Superior lateral pterygoid (power stroke)

53
Q

What is the blood supply of the lateral pterygoid?

A

A muscular branch of the maxillary artery

54
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lateral pterygoid?

A

A branch of the masseteric or buccal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

55
Q

What is the origin of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

Pterygoid fossa

56
Q

What is the insertion of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of the mandibular angle

57
Q

What are the 3 functions of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A
  1. Elevates the mandible
  2. Protrudes the mandible
  3. Unilateral contraction
58
Q

What does unilateral contraction result in?

A

Mediotrusion

59
Q

What is the blood supply of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

A muscular branch of the maxillary artery

60
Q

What is the nerve supply of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

A motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, which reaches the posterior border of the muscle near the base of the skull

61
Q

What makes up the masseter sling?

A

Masseter
Medial pterygoid

62
Q

What is the group that makes up the suprahyoids?

A

Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid

63
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoids?

A

Elevate hyoid bone
Depress the mandible when hyoid bone is fixed

64
Q

What is the origin of the geniohyoid?

A

Inferior genial tubercle on the inner surface of mandibular symphysis

65
Q

What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?

A

Anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

66
Q

What is the origin of the mylohyoid?

A

Line from last molar root to mandibular symphysis

67
Q

What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?

A

Median raphe from chin to hyoid bone

68
Q

What two belles make up the digastric?

A

Anterior
Posterior

69
Q

What is the origin of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Mastoid process

70
Q

Which belly is the longest in the digastric muscle?

A

Posterior

71
Q

What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

A depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis

72
Q

What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?

A

Hyoid bone

73
Q

What are mandibular movements?

A

Depression
Elevation
Right lateral
Left lateral
Protrusion
Retrusion

74
Q

What muscles contract when depressing the mandible?

A

Inferior lateral pterygoids
Digastric

75
Q

What muscles relax when depressing the mandible?

A

Masseters
Medial pterygoids
Temporalis

76
Q

What muscles contract when elevating the mandible?

A

Masseters
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Superior lateral pterygoid

77
Q

What muscles relax when elevating the mandible?

A

Inferior lateral pterygoid
Digastric

78
Q

What muscles contract when the mandible has right lateral movement?

A

Left inferior lateral pterygoid

79
Q

What muscles relax when the mandible has right lateral movement?

A

Right inferior lateral pterygoid
Slight relaxation of elevators

80
Q

What muscles contract when the mandible has left lateral movement?

A

Right inferior lateral pterygoid

81
Q

What muscles relax when the mandible has left lateral movement?

A

left inferior lateral pterygoid
Slight relaxation of elevators

82
Q

What muscles contract when the mandible is protruding?

A

Inferior lateral pterygoids mainly
Assisted by masseters and medial pterygoids

83
Q

What muscles contract when the mandibule retrudes?

A

Temporalis

D1 Spring - Occlusion & Fixed Pros. (17 decks)

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