Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > 2/16: Personality and Impulse Control > Flashcards

2/16: Personality and Impulse Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of personality disorders

A

enduring pervasive/inflexible behavior different from cultural expectations @ adolescence/early adult –> impairment
(stable over time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are traits a disorder?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prevalence of personality disorders

A

10-20% of general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when do personality disorders typically begins?

A

start in late adolescence, often with signs in childhood

established patterns in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

late-onset personality changes

A

suggestive of undiagnosed “other” problems (dementia, substance abuse, medical illness, neuro problems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do personality trait feature predict?

A

1) health and mortality, 2) academic success, 3) job performance, 4) capacity for lasting relationships, 5) drug abuse and criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Early experiences: Sigmund Freud

A

“fixation at an early stage prevents healthy personality development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Early experiences: Erickson

A

1) certain tasks need to be mastered at certain stages of development
2) must have “basic trust” (w/mistrust, the stress of chronic chaos negatively regulates neuro-bio development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

effects of extended early emotional trauma and abuse

A

adversely affect coping skills + brain dev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_ are over-represented in the medical population.

A

Traumatized pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are defense mechanisms

A

cognitive strategies to help deal with stressful information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of defense mechanisms

A

early trauma is often “repressed” (i.e. not accessible to conscious memory)

more on p77 (table 9.1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

three personality clusters

A

weird, wild, worried

p390 (table 49.2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cluster A

A

WEIRD:

odd and eccentric ppl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

personality disorders of Cluster A

A

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, bio relatives of ppl w/schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

paranoid personality

A
  • always looks for wrong-doing and hidden malicious meaning
  • rigid, defensive, self-righteous
  • suspicious of partner fidelity
  • preoccupied with doubts of others’ motives
  • very unforgiving of mistakes
  • use defense mechanism of projection (blaming)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

schizoid personality

A
  • solitary loner: do NOT want close relationships
  • take pleasure in few, if any, activities
  • emotionally cold, detached
  • choose solitary jobs and night shifts
  • may be the premorbid phase of schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does social phobia (social anxiety) differ from schizoid personality?

A

social phobia: DESIRE friends (unlike schizoid)

  • afraid of embarrassment
  • avoids social contacts bc of anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Schizotypal personality

A

cognitive/perceptual distortions –> odd enough to think psychotic, but truly NOT (pt is still in touch w/reality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Features of schizotypal

A
  • distortions when not on drugs
  • odd appearance and speech (vague, metaphorical, over-elaborate)
  • no close friends or associates
  • suspicious, magical thinking but still in touch with reality
  • can be the premorbid phase to schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cluster B

A

DRAMATIC: emotional, erratic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

characteristics of Cluster B

A
  • impulsive erratic mood swings
  • life long pattern of instability
  • short attention span and seek excitement
  • intense, stormy relationships: multiple marriages + divorces
  • somatization (inc somatic complaints that are out of prop during stressful times)
23
Q

defense mechanisms of Cluster B

A

denial, projection, somatization

24
Q

Cluster B and bipolar illness

A
  • chaotic lifestyle, often mistaken for “bipolar”

- if Cluster B, will NOT improve with Rx (except if +psychotherapy)

25
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

SOCIAL, but defies social rules (≠antisocial)

-must be 18 or older for dx, shown evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15

26
Q

key feature of antisocial personality

A 
No conscience ("moral imbecile")
-life long pattern, never at fault/no guilt or remise, social class differences, attracted to other Cluster B partners, chaotic family life, multiple marriages-superficial charmers
27
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A
  • multiple somatic complaints
  • highly suggestible, naive
  • sexually seductive, often unaware
  • emotionally labile
  • imprecise and global in verbal descriptions
  • FHx of antisocial and EtOH
  • choatic family
28
Q

narcissistic personality

A
  • grandiose sense of self-importance and entitlement
  • overlaps with antisocial
  • preoccupied with self
  • may be arrogant, devalues others
  • demanding of special tx
  • may become suicidal when rejected
  • chaotic family life
29
Q

borderline personality

A
  • unstable moods/mood swings
  • stormy relationships, poor choices
  • often confused with “bipolar”
  • all or nothing thinking (known as splitting)
  • chaotic family lives
30
Q

features of borderline

A
  • substance abuse/mis-use
  • hx of severe physical, emotional, or sexual abuse
  • alcoholic or mentally ill parent
  • self-injurous behavior (e.g. wrist slashing, self-stabbing, piercing, cutting to see blood)
  • suicidal gestures and attempts
  • chronic feeling of emptiness, relieved by pain and by seeking relationships
31
Q

defense mech of borderline

A

splitting

32
Q

examples of borderline behavior

A
  • pt in acute emotional distress
  • seems to require “special” tx
  • causes a great deal of strife and confusion
  • splitting
  • rapid shifts in mood and manner
  • boundary issues
  • unstable relationships
33
Q

splitting

A
  • seeing the world in black and white
  • playing ppl against each other
  • causes discord and stress in environment
  • a defense mech
  • feel despair and agitation
34
Q

Cluster B disorders

A

antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline

35
Q

Cluster C

A

WORRIED: anxious, fearful

36
Q

Cluster C disorders

A

OCD, dependent, avoidant

“compulsive, clingy, cowardly”

37
Q

obsessive-compulsive PERSONALITY disorder

A
  • rigid, orderly, miserly, “anal”
  • excessive devotion to work, humorless
  • hoarders
  • sticklers for rules, details
  • schedule everything
  • upset when things don’t go by plan
38
Q

dependent personality

A
  • excessive need to be cared for
  • urgently seek attachments
  • cannot be alone or make independent decisions
  • clinging, insecure
39
Q

avoidant personality

A
  • closely linked to anxiety disorder
  • can’t take risks
  • avoid conflict, responsibility
  • procrastinate
  • passive-aggressive behavior
  • go to great lengths to avoid being judged
  • example: can’t finish college degree for fear of judgment and having responsibility
40
Q

approaching tx of personality disorders

A

1) listen
2) maintain calm and good, firm boundaries
3) find and support the pts strengths
- psychological issues (including dysfx defense mech) must be considered

41
Q

impulse control disorders

A

oppositional-defiant disorder
intermittent explosive disorder (losing self-control)
Kleptomania (habitual stealing)
pyromania (habitual fire-setting)
pathological gambling
trichotillomania
*all are closely linked to antisocial personality disorder

42
Q

gambling disorder

A

addictive disorder + impulse problem

43
Q

trichotillomania

A

impulsive hair pulling

-impulse problem + OCD

44
Q

excoriation

A

skin picking

-impulse problem + OCD

45
Q

tx options for personality disorders

A
  • antisocial personality: legal
  • other disorders: supportive and caring approach that includes firm limits and boundaries
  • psychotherapy
  • meds if the pt is also suffering from a mood or anxiety disorder
46
Q

contextual model for psychotherapy

A 
therapist confidence
belief in tx
relationship b/w pt and therapist
rational for the tx
the pt's meaning to the therapy
47
Q

defense mechanism of paranoid personality

A

projection (“blaming”)

48
Q

how does OCD differ from OCPD?

A

OCPD: behavior consistent w/one’s own beliefs and attitudes
OCD: aware of the disorder and don’t like it

49
Q

intermittent explosive disorder

A

experience sudden bursts of anger, assault of others, or destruction of property; aggression disproportionate to the triggering event, and not seen b/w episodes; men + 1˚ relatives of affected persons at higher risk

50
Q

intermittent explosive disorder + predisposing factors

A

perinatal trauma, head trauma, encephalitis, hyperactivity, disrupted psychosocial environment

51
Q

intermittent explosive disorder + best tx

A

psychotherapy + Rx (SSRIs-fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline)

52
Q

kleptomania

A

impulse sto steal, relief of tension after the act reinforces the behavior, MC in women

53
Q

kleptomania + assoc w/?

A

brain disease, mental retardation, faulty monoamine metabolism, cortical atrophy, enlargement of lateral ventricles, focal neuro signs

54
Q

pyromania

A

repetitive, deliberate fire-setting; relieves tension or from attraction to fire/firefighting equipment; Men + ppl w/mentally retardation, alcoholism, or delinquent traits

Psych (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions