2/16 Flashcards
How soil depth might influence site selection.
Depth of 30cmneeded for most vegetables.
Depth of 45cm needed for most fruit crops.
Important for carrots and parsnips which have long tap roots.
Allows unimpeded root growth.
Enables good root establishment of fruit trees and bushes.
How pH might influence site selection.
Ideal PH for most crops is 6.5 - 7.0
Brassicas prefer an alkaline soil with a high pH to avoid club root.
Blueberries require an acidic soil with a low pH.
Most fruit crops prefer a slightly acidic soil to avoid deficiency of iron and manganese.
How slope might influence site selection.
Sloping sites are harder work than flat sites.
Soil erosion may be a problem on a sloping site.
It will be dry at the top of the slope and wet at the bottom.
Water run off may occur, leading to build up of nutrients at the base of the slope.
South facing slopes warm up very quickly in spring.
Frost pockets may occur at the base of north facing slopes.
Limitations of crop production in open ground compared to growing in the same beds.
Compaction of the growing area due to walking on soil.
More fertiliser and bulky organic matter are required as they are applied to whole are not just beds.
Plants need to be more widely spaced and therefore there is lower yield from a given area.
Wider spacing of plants means that there is more competition from weeds.
Management of drainage is more difficult.
Specification for a raised bed and paths.
Timber or brick. Height 20cm Width 1m to 1.5m Length up to 3m Paths 1.5m approx wide. Path width to allow access for a wheelbarrow or wheelchair.
Apple pest and control.
Codling moth.
Deltamethrin or pheromone traps.
Plum pest and control.
Winter moth.
Grease bands or pyrethrum.
Strawberry pest and control.
Two spotted spider mites.
Fatty acids or Phytoseiulus persimillis.
Blackcurrants pest and control.
Blackcurrants Gall Mite.
Pick off infested plant parts.
Grow resistant cultivars eg. ‘.Ben Hope’
Raspberries pest and control.
Raspberry aphid.
Thiacloprid and fatty acids.
Reasons for planting a range of cultivars in an orchard.
Apple cultivars are not reliably self-fertile and require other apple cultivars, flowering in the same period to ensure cross-pollination.
To provide early and late cultivars.
To provide dessert and culinary cultivars.
To provide diseases resistance.
To provided taste preference.
To provide a range of cultivars for greater storage potential.
Benefits of providing shelter in an apple orchard.
Avoids physical damage to trees.
Avoids fruit blown from trees
Prevents wind scorch to leaves.
Prevents damage/loss of blossom.
Pollinators are not as active in windy conditions.
Avoids increased loss of water by transpiration.
Provides warmer conditions for better quality fruit and higher yields.
Provides shelter for natural predators.
Sowing Brussels Sprouts.
Early crops sown in late winter to early spring in modules.
1cm to 1.5cm deep.
Under glass.
Maincrops sown early to late spring. Outside. In prepared seed bed. Seeds are thinly sown in drills. 1cm deep. Drills 30cm apart.
Transplanting Brussel Sprouts.
Module grown - mid to late spring.
Outdoor grown - mid spring to early summer
Transplants should be 10cm -15cm tall or have 5 - 7 leaves.
Plant deeply, up to first pair of leaves and firm well before watering.
Space 60cm to 70cm in both directions to ensure adequate room for growth.
Effect on carrots of plant spacing.
Critical to achieve uniform growth.
Critical to achieve maximum yield.
Poor spacing will affect uniformity and yield.
Carrots will not grow to full size and may be deformed.
Close spacing will result in competition for water, light and nutrients.
Close spacing makes plants susceptible to pests and diseases.
