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MicroBiology Exam 2 > 2/13: neisseria, haemophilus, psuedomonas, bordatella > Flashcards

2/13: neisseria, haemophilus, psuedomonas, bordatella Flashcards

1
Q

the mucosal surface separates the ___ from the ___

A

lumina contents from the epithelium

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2
Q

Is Neisseria motile?

A

non-motile, can twitch using pili

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3
Q

___ are the only reservoir for neisseria

A

humans

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4
Q

How do we diagnose neisseria?

A

chocolate agar + co2
colonies lack color
are non-hemolytic

MTM agar indicates = antibiotic resistant

catalase and oxidase positive (bc aerobic)

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5
Q

N. meningitides
N. gonorrhoeae

each ferments different sugars (this is a way to differentate in terms of diagnoses). Which ferments which?

A

meningococco: ferments glucose and maltose
gonorrhoeae: ferments glucose

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6
Q

a-symptomatic colonization of n. meningitides can lead to 3 diseases. what ar ethey?

A

1 uncomplicated bactermia
2 meningitis
3 severe systemic infection

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7
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of n. meningitides

A

1 polysaccharide capsule

  1. type IV pili
  2. LOS endotoxin
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8
Q

N. meningitides attaches to ___ epthelial cells

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

A-symptomatic carriers of n. meningitides induces a ___ antibody response. Most people have this by age ___

A

humoral

age 20

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10
Q

If deficient in ____, n. meningitides can invade into the bloodstream

A

C5-8

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11
Q

N. meningitides can attach to meninges via __-

A

type IV pili

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12
Q

How does n. meningitides result in a purpurpic rash?

A

ENDOTOXIN LOS

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13
Q

N meningitides infection can lead to ____

A

shock and death (depending on the immune response of the patient)

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14
Q

what is the typical immune response to patients for n. meningitides?

A

TNF-alpha and IL-1

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15
Q

Certain strains of n. meningitdes can survive in blood longer due to ___

A

latered LOS (w/ sialic acid)

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16
Q

how do we treat n. meningitdes?

A

antibiotic resistant

treat family members/those in close contact with preventative antimicrobials

2 vaccines

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17
Q

n. gonorrhoeae: more or less serious than n. meningitides

A

n. gonorrhoeae is not letahl and mostly causes localized inflammation

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18
Q

what are the 3 virulence factors of n. gonorrhoeae

A

hemolysin
pili
adhesins

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19
Q

N. gonorrhoeae attaches to ___ epithelium. where?

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

in cervix or urethra

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20
Q

n. gonorrhoeae spreads via ___-

A

genital secretions

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21
Q

n. gonorrohea escapes phagocytosis due to ___

A

PROTEASE

this removes Fc-receptor at end of IgA

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22
Q

n. gonorrhea attaches to ciliated cells. What happens to these cells?

A

they are damaged

motility slows down adn tehy die.

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23
Q

N. gonorrohea generates what immune response?

A

TNF-alpha

causes ciliated cells to slough off and non-cilicated cells to lyse and contribute to inflammation

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24
Q

What 3 diseases does n. gonorrohoeae cause?

A
  1. PID
  2. Epididymitis
  3. Disseminated gonoccoccal infection (DGI)
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25
Describe pelvic inflammatory disease
disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae infection of upper female repro tract, inflammation and SCARRING of uterus, tubes can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain
26
Describe epididymytis disease
disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae inflammation of epididymis in males due to ASCENT of bacteria
27
Describe disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI)
disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae can result from PID due to overwhelming number of bacteria causes pustular lesions of skin, inflamed tendon/joins, suppurative arthritis
28
which of the neisseria species has 2 variations (phase and antigenic?)
neisseria gonorrhoeae
29
What is the treatment of n. gonorrohoeae
antibiotic resistant no vaccine - BEHAVIORAL PREVENTION
30
Describe phase variation of neisseria gonorrohoeae
Opa genes = OMPs on bacteria ^this = phagocytosis Some gonococci lack Opa = avoid phagocytosis This can allow n. gonorrohoeae to hide and survive
31
Describe antigenic variation of neisseria gonorrohoeae
bacteria can change the composition or structure of the surface molecules (pili) at any time to remain functioning and evade immune system
32
Haemophilus colonizes the ___
nasopharynx | and oropharynx
33
Haemophilus influence requires __ and __ | why is this different from other haemophilus strains?
H. influenza requires NAD+ and hemin most other haemophilus strains only require NAD+
34
What are the 4 virulence factors for haemophilus?
1. encapsulated strains (PRP capsule) 2. non-typeable strains - unencapsulated, form biofilms 3. type IV pili 4. IgA1 protease
35
Describe encapsulated strains of haemophilus
7 different capsules: a b c d e e' f covered with polyribosyl phosphate (PRP) capsule
36
The polyribosyl phosphate capsule (PRP) on the encapsulated strains of haemophilus are the basis for the ___
vaccine
37
Describe the non-typeable strains of haemophilus
unencapsulated forms biofilms which make antibiotics and host defense mechanisms less effective
38
What does IgA1 protease of haemophilus do?
directs secretion of IgA out of cell (lol)
39
___ is the most virulent form of haemophilus what does this cause
Hemphaelius influence type b (Hib) causes bacteremia in young children before the vaccine
40
The unencapsulated strains of haemophilus cause ____
respiratory tract infections in kids and immunocompromised adults
41
haemophilus influenza causes ___
otitis
42
haemophilus parainfluenza causes ___
pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis
43
haemophilus ducreyi causes ___
chancroid (STI)
44
haemophilus aphrophilus causes ____
normal flora of mouth | occassional causes bacterial endocarditis
45
haemophilus aegyptius causes ____
conjunctivitis and brazilian purpuric fever
46
bordatella causes ____
whooping cough/ pertsusis
47
does bordatella invade epithelium?
NO
48
What are the 3 virulence factors for bordatella?
FHA fimbriae/pertactin pertussis toxin
49
What does the virulence factor of FHA do for bordetella?
FHA binds bordatella to host amino acids
50
What do the virulence factors of fimbriae/pertactin do for bordatella?
help adhere to mucosal surface
51
What does virulence factor pertussin toxin do for bordatella?
paralyzes cilia and induces inflammation
52
What are the 4 stages of pertussis
1. incubation period 2. catarrhal stage 3. paroxysmal stage 4. convalescent stage
53
Incubation period of pertussis is ___ days
7-10
54
Catarrhal stage is ___ weeks. Describe
1-2 weeks | coldl ike symptoms and gradually increasing cough severity
55
Paroxysmal stage is ___ weeks | Describe
1-6 weeks | DEFINING STAGE W/ PAROXYSMS and *whooping* sound of inhalation
56
Convalescnet stage is ___ weeks | Describe
2-3 weeks of gradual recovery and reduction of symptoms | subsequent infections can trigger more paroxysms
57
What is the prevention for bordatella infections?
accellular pertusis vaccine now!!! this is in combination with tetnaus and diptheria
58
____ acellular petusis vaccinefor infants | ____ acellular pertusis vaccine for 10+
DTap = infants | Tdap - 10+
59
Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires ___ to survive
minimal nutrients (acetate and ammonia)
60
Is psuedomonas aeruginosa motile/immotile?
motile due to one of several polar flagella polar pili used for twitching/adherance to cells
61
What does psuedomonas aeruginosa do when found in a community with other bacteria?
produces 3 water-soluble pigments that function as ANTIMICROBIALS to elminate competition for nutrients
62
When psuedomonas aeruginosa is in an environment with other bacteria, it produces 3 water-soluble pigments that function as antimicrobials to eliminate competition for nutrients - what are the 3 water-soluble pigments? (& color) - this produces a ___ odor of wound
FRUITY ODOR OF WOUND 1. pyocin - blue/green 2. pyoverdin - green 3. fluoriscein - yellow fluorescence
63
What are the 3 virulence factors of psudominas aeruginosa for PERSISTANCE
1. mucoid polysaccharide capsule 2. siderophomores 3. phospholipase C

MicroBiology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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