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MicroBiology Exam 2 > 2/13: neisseria, haemophilus, psuedomonas, bordatella > Flashcards

2/13: neisseria, haemophilus, psuedomonas, bordatella Flashcards

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1
Q

the mucosal surface separates the ___ from the ___

A

lumina contents from the epithelium

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2
Q

Is Neisseria motile?

A

non-motile, can twitch using pili

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3
Q

___ are the only reservoir for neisseria

A

humans

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4
Q

How do we diagnose neisseria?

A

chocolate agar + co2
colonies lack color
are non-hemolytic

MTM agar indicates = antibiotic resistant

catalase and oxidase positive (bc aerobic)

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5
Q

N. meningitides
N. gonorrhoeae

each ferments different sugars (this is a way to differentate in terms of diagnoses). Which ferments which?

A

meningococco: ferments glucose and maltose
gonorrhoeae: ferments glucose

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6
Q

a-symptomatic colonization of n. meningitides can lead to 3 diseases. what ar ethey?

A

1 uncomplicated bactermia
2 meningitis
3 severe systemic infection

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7
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of n. meningitides

A

1 polysaccharide capsule

  1. type IV pili
  2. LOS endotoxin
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8
Q

N. meningitides attaches to ___ epthelial cells

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

A-symptomatic carriers of n. meningitides induces a ___ antibody response. Most people have this by age ___

A

humoral

age 20

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10
Q

If deficient in ____, n. meningitides can invade into the bloodstream

A

C5-8

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11
Q

N. meningitides can attach to meninges via __-

A

type IV pili

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12
Q

How does n. meningitides result in a purpurpic rash?

A

ENDOTOXIN LOS

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13
Q

N meningitides infection can lead to ____

A

shock and death (depending on the immune response of the patient)

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14
Q

what is the typical immune response to patients for n. meningitides?

A

TNF-alpha and IL-1

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15
Q

Certain strains of n. meningitdes can survive in blood longer due to ___

A

latered LOS (w/ sialic acid)

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16
Q

how do we treat n. meningitdes?

A

antibiotic resistant

treat family members/those in close contact with preventative antimicrobials

2 vaccines

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17
Q

n. gonorrhoeae: more or less serious than n. meningitides

A

n. gonorrhoeae is not letahl and mostly causes localized inflammation

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18
Q

what are the 3 virulence factors of n. gonorrhoeae

A

hemolysin
pili
adhesins

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19
Q

N. gonorrhoeae attaches to ___ epithelium. where?

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

in cervix or urethra

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20
Q

n. gonorrhoeae spreads via ___-

A

genital secretions

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21
Q

n. gonorrohea escapes phagocytosis due to ___

A

PROTEASE

this removes Fc-receptor at end of IgA

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22
Q

n. gonorrhea attaches to ciliated cells. What happens to these cells?

A

they are damaged

motility slows down adn tehy die.

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23
Q

N. gonorrohea generates what immune response?

A

TNF-alpha

causes ciliated cells to slough off and non-cilicated cells to lyse and contribute to inflammation

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24
Q

What 3 diseases does n. gonorrohoeae cause?

A
  1. PID
  2. Epididymitis
  3. Disseminated gonoccoccal infection (DGI)
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25
Q

Describe pelvic inflammatory disease

A

disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae

infection of upper female repro tract, inflammation and SCARRING of uterus, tubes

can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain

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26
Q

Describe epididymytis disease

A

disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae

inflammation of epididymis in males due to ASCENT of bacteria

27
Q

Describe disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI)

A

disease caused by n. gonorrohoeae

can result from PID due to overwhelming number of bacteria

causes pustular lesions of skin, inflamed tendon/joins, suppurative arthritis

28
Q

which of the neisseria species has 2 variations (phase and antigenic?)

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

29
Q

What is the treatment of n. gonorrohoeae

A

antibiotic resistant

no vaccine - BEHAVIORAL PREVENTION

30
Q

Describe phase variation of neisseria gonorrohoeae

A

Opa genes = OMPs on bacteria
^this = phagocytosis

Some gonococci lack Opa = avoid phagocytosis

This can allow n. gonorrohoeae to hide and survive

31
Q

Describe antigenic variation of neisseria gonorrohoeae

A

bacteria can change the composition or structure of the surface molecules (pili) at any time to remain functioning and evade immune system

32
Q

Haemophilus colonizes the ___

A

nasopharynx

and oropharynx

33
Q

Haemophilus influence requires __ and __

why is this different from other haemophilus strains?

A

H. influenza requires NAD+ and hemin

most other haemophilus strains only require NAD+

34
Q

What are the 4 virulence factors for haemophilus?

A
  1. encapsulated strains (PRP capsule)
  2. non-typeable strains - unencapsulated, form biofilms
  3. type IV pili
  4. IgA1 protease
35
Q

Describe encapsulated strains of haemophilus

A

7 different capsules: a b c d e eā€™ f

covered with polyribosyl phosphate (PRP) capsule

36
Q

The polyribosyl phosphate capsule (PRP) on the encapsulated strains of haemophilus are the basis for the ___

A

vaccine

37
Q

Describe the non-typeable strains of haemophilus

A

unencapsulated

forms biofilms which make antibiotics and host defense mechanisms less effective

38
Q

What does IgA1 protease of haemophilus do?

A

directs secretion of IgA out of cell (lol)

39
Q

___ is the most virulent form of haemophilus

what does this cause

A

Hemphaelius influence type b (Hib)

causes bacteremia in young children before the vaccine

40
Q

The unencapsulated strains of haemophilus cause ____

A

respiratory tract infections in kids and immunocompromised adults

41
Q

haemophilus influenza causes ___

A

otitis

42
Q

haemophilus parainfluenza causes ___

A

pneumonia, bacterial endocarditis

43
Q

haemophilus ducreyi causes ___

A

chancroid (STI)

44
Q

haemophilus aphrophilus causes ____

A

normal flora of mouth

occassional causes bacterial endocarditis

45
Q

haemophilus aegyptius causes ____

A

conjunctivitis and brazilian purpuric fever

46
Q

bordatella causes ____

A

whooping cough/ pertsusis

47
Q

does bordatella invade epithelium?

A

NO

48
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors for bordatella?

A

FHA
fimbriae/pertactin
pertussis toxin

49
Q

What does the virulence factor of FHA do for bordetella?

A

FHA binds bordatella to host amino acids

50
Q

What do the virulence factors of fimbriae/pertactin do for bordatella?

A

help adhere to mucosal surface

51
Q

What does virulence factor pertussin toxin do for bordatella?

A

paralyzes cilia and induces inflammation

52
Q

What are the 4 stages of pertussis

A
  1. incubation period
  2. catarrhal stage
  3. paroxysmal stage
  4. convalescent stage
53
Q

Incubation period of pertussis is ___ days

A

7-10

54
Q

Catarrhal stage is ___ weeks. Describe

A

1-2 weeks

coldl ike symptoms and gradually increasing cough severity

55
Q

Paroxysmal stage is ___ weeks

Describe

A

1-6 weeks

DEFINING STAGE W/ PAROXYSMS and whooping sound of inhalation

56
Q

Convalescnet stage is ___ weeks

Describe

A

2-3 weeks of gradual recovery and reduction of symptoms

subsequent infections can trigger more paroxysms

57
Q

What is the prevention for bordatella infections?

A

accellular pertusis vaccine now!!! this is in combination with tetnaus and diptheria

58
Q

____ acellular petusis vaccinefor infants

____ acellular pertusis vaccine for 10+

A

DTap = infants

Tdap - 10+

59
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires ___ to survive

A

minimal nutrients (acetate and ammonia)

60
Q

Is psuedomonas aeruginosa motile/immotile?

A

motile due to one of several polar flagella

polar pili used for twitching/adherance to cells

61
Q

What does psuedomonas aeruginosa do when found in a community with other bacteria?

A

produces 3 water-soluble pigments that function as ANTIMICROBIALS to elminate competition for nutrients

62
Q

When psuedomonas aeruginosa is in an environment with other bacteria, it produces 3 water-soluble pigments that function as antimicrobials to eliminate competition for nutrients

  • what are the 3 water-soluble pigments? (& color)
  • this produces a ___ odor of wound
A

FRUITY ODOR OF WOUND

  1. pyocin - blue/green
  2. pyoverdin - green
  3. fluoriscein - yellow fluorescence
63
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of psudominas aeruginosa for PERSISTANCE

A
  1. mucoid polysaccharide capsule
  2. siderophomores
  3. phospholipase C

MicroBiology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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