1st Pdf

Question 1

Cancer is fundamentally a

Answer 1

Genetic disease

Question 2

Etiology of cancer

Answer 2

Mutations and progression

Question 3

Many cancer are complex

Answer 3

Mutations and environments factors

Question 4

Cancer is a disease characterized by

Answer 4

Uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to a mass or tumor

Question 5

Malignant tumors progress by

Answer 5

Invading neighboring tissues

Question 6

Malignant spreading to more

Answer 6

distant sites

Question 7

Properties of cancer cells

Answer 7

They display abnormalities in the mechanism that regulate cell proliferation
Survival
Differentiation

Question 8

The development of cancer “ oncogenesis”

Answer 8

Result from mutations in genes that
• regulate cell growth and • programmed cell death

Question 9

Most cancers are But there are

Answer 9

Sporadic
Hereditary

Question 10

Cancer cells relation to density dependent

Answer 10

They are not sensitive

Question 11

Normal cells stops proliferation when

Answer 11

They reach finite cell density

Question 12

Tumor cells stops proliferation

Answer 12

They don’t they continue to proliferate

Question 13

GF is real ateş to which phonomenon

Answer 13

Density dependent inhibition of normal cells

Question 14

In cancer cell what requirements are reduced

Answer 14

Extracellular GF

Question 15

In some cancer cells they produce their own

Answer 15

GF that stimulate their own proliferation:
Autocrine GF production
Infra cellular signaling pathways
GF receptor
RAS protein

Question 16

Normal cells stop cell proliferation

Answer 16

When the form a single layered cultures and when they contact each other

Question 17

Are tumor cells inhibited by cell contact

Answer 17

No they are not inhibited by cell contact and they migrate over one another

Question 18

Cancer cells anchorage dependence

Answer 18

Normal cells display dependency
Cancer cells loss dependency

Question 19

Loss of e cadherin results in

Answer 19

Development of carcinomas

Question 20

Reduced expression of adhesion molecules in cancer leads to

Answer 20

Breakdown of cell to cell attachment| cell to matrix attachments

Question 21

Reduced adhesiveness also results into

Answer 21

Morophological and cytoskeletal alterations

Question 22

Cancer cells shape

Answer 22

Spherical shape

Question 23

How do cancer cells escape from home tissue

Answer 23

Secrete proteases that digest extracellular matrix components

Question 24

Başak lamina ( IV collagen )

Answer 24

Allows the cell to invade

Question 25

After they enter blood circulation and migrate they produce 2nd tumors

Answer 25

Metastasis

Question 26

Cancer cells divide 50 times then

Answer 26

Enter resting state and die

Question 27

Cancer cells fail to undergo

Answer 27

Apoptosis

Question 28

Normal growth regulatory genes

Answer 28

Cell cycle control genes

Question 29

Growth promoting gene

Answer 29

Protooncogenes - dominant affect ( activating mutations)

Question 30

Growth inhibiting genes

Answer 30

Tumor suppressor genes ( inactivating genes ) - recessive effect

Question 31

Programmed cell death or apoptosis regulation genes

Answer 31

Regulation of apoptosis- توازن بين الحياة و الموت

Question 32

Are cancer cells resistant to apoptosis?

Answer 32

Yes which allows them to increase number and survive

Question 33

Cell division and proliferation are regulated by the products of

Answer 33

Proto oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes

Question 34

Cell death is regulated by

Answer 34

Antipoptic genes
Apoptic genes

Question 35

Mechanisms of oncogenesis

Answer 35

1 (+) proto oncogene
2 (-) loss tumor suppressor
3 antiapoptotic genes
Or
4 loss of apoptotic gene

Question 36

Some tumor suppressor genes

Answer 36

1 directly regulate function ( gatekeepers )
2 more indirectly genome integrity ieisisnwj ( caretakers)

Question 37

BCL 2

Answer 37

Activated in a B cell lymphoma by chromosomal translocation

Question 38

P53 mutations

Answer 38

Allow cancer cell to survive and proliferate

Question 39

Convert a proto-oncogenesis into an oncogene

Answer 39

1 changes : Point mutations
Translocation
Deletion
2 activation by amplification:

Question 40

موجود في السناب شات

Question 41

Philadelphia chromosome cause BCR/ABI fusion

Answer 41

Leukemia