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Step 1 > 1st Aid Rapid Review Presentations > Flashcards

1st Aid Rapid Review Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Pain, Ascites, Hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

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2
Q

Achilles Tendon Xanthoma

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

- (dec. LDL rec signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal Hemorrhage, Hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

- meningococcal infxn

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4
Q

Arachnodactyly, Lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyerpflexible joints

A

Marfans Syndrome

- defect in fibrillin-1

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5
Q

Athlete w/ polycythemia

A

EPO injections

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6
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott’s Disease (vertebral TB)

- key to differentiate between B Sx’s of lymphoma is the back pain

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7
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis

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8
Q

Blue Sclera

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

- Type 1 collagen defect

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9
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton’s Line (Lead lines)

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10
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget’s Disease

- inc. osteoblast & osteoclast activity

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11
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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12
Q

“butterfly” facial rash & Raynaud’s phenomenon in a young female

A

SLE

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13
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

- +pheochromocytoma & optic gliomas

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14
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine disorders

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome

- mosaic GPCR mutation

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15
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular Dystrophy

  • X linked recessive mutation of dystrophin
  • most commonly duchennes (deletion)
  • Beckers = mutation of dystrophin
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16
Q

“Cherry-red” spot on macula

A

Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
Central Retinal artery occlusion

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17
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

angina

  • stable
  • unstable: new &/or with less exertion
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18
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever, following MI

A

Dressler’s Syndrome

  • autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis
  • 1-12 weeks post-acute episode
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19
Q

Chid uses arms to stand up from a squat

A

Gowers Sign

- seen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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20
Q

Child w/ fever later develops a red facial rash that spreads to body

A

Fifth disease

  • erythema infectiousum –> “slapped cheeks”
  • parvovirus B19
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21
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntingtons’s Disease

- Auto dominant CAG repeats

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22
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McCardle’s Disease

- Muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency

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23
Q

Cold Intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

- most commonly Hashimoto’s

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24
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear Opthalmoplegia

  • damage to MLF
  • bilateral = MS
  • unilateral = stroke
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25
Q

Continuous “machine” heart murmur

A

PDA

  • closed w/ indomethacin
  • open w/ prostaglandins (misoprostol)
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26
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema

  • caused by hypothyroidism
  • Graves (hyperthyroid) –> pretibial myxedema
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27
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

  • HHV-8
  • usually AIDS patients
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28
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul’s breathing (late sign of DKA)

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29
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra

- niacin (B3) deficiency

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30
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet Beriberi

- Thiamine deficiency

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31
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida

- cellulitis at site of inoculation

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32
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

- autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands

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33
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency, anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

- may progress to esophageal squamos cell carcinoma

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34
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

- Type 3 collagen defect

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35
Q

Enlarged, hard left superclavicular node

A

Virchow’s Node

- metasteses from stomach/abdomen

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36
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Sezary Syndrome - (Cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

Mycosis fungoides

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37
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign

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38
Q

Fat, female, fertile, forty

A

Gallstones (aka cholelithiasis)

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39
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic Tx for syphillis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

- rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release

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40
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

- paramyxovirus

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41
Q

Fever, Night sweats, Weight Loss

A

B symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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42
Q

Fibrous Plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie’s Disease

- conn. tissue disorder

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43
Q

Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan Disease

  • HGPRT deficiency
  • X linked
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44
Q

Green-yellow rings around peripherial cornea

A

Keiser-Fliescher Rings

- Wilson’s disease

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45
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/hands/feet

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

  • inherited, benign polyposis
  • can cause bowel obstruction
  • inc. risk for colon cancer
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46
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher’s Disease

- glucocerebrosidase deficiency

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47
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport’s Syndrome

- mutation of Type 4 collagen alpha chain

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48
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucey Syndrome

- bilateral lesions to the amygdala

49
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, babinski sign

A

UMN lesion

50
Q

hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN lesion

51
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

Chronic bronchitis

  • hyperplasia of mucus cells
  • “blue bloater”
52
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A 
Treponema pallidum --> primary syphillis
- painLESS chancre
Haemophilis ducreyi
- painful chancroid
- exudative
53
Q

infant w/ cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau’s Syndrome

- trisomy 13

54
Q

Infant with FTT, hepatosplenomegaly, & neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick Disease

- genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency

55
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, FTT, & hepatosplenomegaly

A

Cori’s Disease

- debranching enzyme deficiency

56
Q

Infant w/ microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, & structural heart defect

A

Edwards Syndrome

- Trisomy 18

57
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier’s sign

- distal obstruction of the biliary tree

58
Q

Large rash with bulls-eye appearance

A

Erythema migrans

- Borrellia burgdorferi

59
Q

Lucid Interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma

- rupture of middle meningeal artery

60
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton’s disease

- X linked agammaglobinemia

61
Q

Mucosal bleeding & prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

- lack of GpIIb/IIIa

62
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

63
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeeth

A

Gardner’s syndrome

- subtype of FAP

64
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

A

Pompe’s diseae

- lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency

65
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following a difficult birth

A

Erb-duchenne palsy

66
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan Syndrome

- pituitary infarct

67
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral nuclear opthalmoplegia

A

Multiple Sclerosis

68
Q

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

- central apnea in CHF or inc. intracranial pressure

69
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold Agglutination disease

  • IgM
  • autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by M. pneumoniae or infectious mononucleosis
70
Q

Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

- vasospasm in extremities

71
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes

A

Oslers Nodes

- infective endocarditis –> immune complex deposition

72
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms & soles

A

Janeway Lesions

- Infective endocarditis –> septic emboli/microabscesses

73
Q

Painless Jaundice

A

Pancreatic Cancer

- of the head of the pancreas, obstructing biliary tree

74
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (kids), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

- IgA vasculitis affecting skin & kidneys

75
Q

Pancreatic, Pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN1

- auto dominant

76
Q

Periorbital &/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

77
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

Emphysema

  • centriacinar –> smoking
  • pan acinar –> alpha-1-antitrypsin
  • “pink puffer”
78
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type 2, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

- proximal tubule reabsorption defect

79
Q

positive anterior drawer sign

A

ACL tear

80
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules & plaques

A

lichen planus

81
Q

Ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s Syndrome

- sympathetic chain lesion

82
Q

pupil accomodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll-Robertson pupil

- neurosyphillis

83
Q

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI infection

A

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

- acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

84
Q

Rash on Palms & soles

A

Rickettsia –> RMSF
Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease –> Coxsackie A
Syphillis

85
Q

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper IgE Syndrome (Job’s syndrome)

- neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality

86
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pt.

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

87
Q

Red “currant jelly” stool

A

Intussusception (infants)

Acute mesenteric infarct (adults)

88
Q

red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget’s disease of the breast

- represents underlying neoplasm

89
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBC’s

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

90
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von-Hippel-Lindau Disease

- dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation

91
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

A

Parkinson’s Disease

- nigrostriatal DA depletion

92
Q

Retinal Hemorrhages with Pale centers

A

Roth Spots

- infectious endocarditis

93
Q

Severe Jaundice in Neonate

A

Crigler-Najjer Syndrome Type 2

  • genetic lack of UDP-glucuronyl transferase
  • unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
94
Q

Severe RLQ pain w/ palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing’s sign

- acute appendicitis

95
Q

Severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness

A

McBurney’s sign

- acute appendicitis

96
Q

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi Anemia

  • genetic loss of DNA cross-link repair
  • often progresses to AML
97
Q

Single Palmar Crease

A

“Simian crease”

- Down Syndrome

98
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener’s Syndrome

- defect in dynein arm

99
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addison’s Disease

- Primary adrenocorticoid insufficiency –> increased ACTH & MSH production

100
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

- X linked missense mutation in dystrophin gene

101
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Koplik Spots

- measles; rubeola virus

102
Q

Smooth flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata

- secondary syphillis

103
Q

Splinter Hemorrhages in Fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

104
Q

“strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet Fever
Kawasake Disease
Toxic Shock Syndrome

105
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner Syndrome

- (45,XO)

106
Q

Sudden swollen, painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra

- hyperuricemia

107
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

A

Scurvy

  • Vit. C deficiency
  • Can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
108
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis

  • Osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard’s nodes)
  • Osteophytes on DIP (Heberden’s nodes)
109
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

Aortic Stenosis

110
Q

Thyroid & parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN2A

- Auto dominant ret gene mutation

111
Q

Thyroid Tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN2B

- Auto dominant ret gene mutation

112
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski Reflex

- UMN lesion

113
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

Bell’s Palsy

- LMN CN VII palsy

114
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in male

A

Reactive arthritis assoc. w/ HLA-B27

- N. gonorrheae???

115
Q

Vascular Birthmark (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangiona

- benign but assoc. w/ Sturge-Weber Syndrome

116
Q

Vomiting blood following gastroesophogeal lesions

A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

- alcoholic & bulimic patients

117
Q

Weight Loss, Diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Wipple’s Disease

- torphyeryma whipplei

118
Q

“worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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