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Neuroanatomy > 1E - Development (4) > Flashcards

1E - Development (4) Flashcards

1
Q

Neural plate, fold, groove

A

longitudinally oriented structures

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2
Q

Where does thin surface ectoderm fuse?

A

Midline

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3
Q

Lateral edges of neural tube have what shape cells?

A

Columnar

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4
Q

Does the neural tube have a thicker columnar epithelium?

A

Yes

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5
Q

On thin surface ectoderm, what shape cells are there?

A

Squamous-shape epithelium

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6
Q

What is the point at which fusion occurs?

A

Neural crest

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7
Q

Does the neural tube fold above notochord?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Is surface ectoderm above neural crest?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What does neural crest give rise too?

A
  • PNS
  • adrenal glands
  • pigment cells of Iris
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10
Q

Why do neural crest cells migrate away from neural crest?

A

Different migratory streams from neural crest form variety of tissues

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11
Q

Where do columnar cells thicken?

A

Where nuclei are (located on outer surface of neural tube)

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12
Q

What effect does outer surface neural tube nuclei have on shape?

A
  • Apex of triangle points at lumen of neural tube
  • Base (flat) part of triangle puts to external surface of tube
  • This shape pattern allows neural tube to fold
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13
Q

Voussior blocks form what?

A

arch

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14
Q

Hinge regions act like what?

A

Voussoir blocks

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15
Q

There are 3 hinge regions of what kind?

A

2 lateral

1 ventral

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16
Q

How do hinge regions affect invagination of neural tube?

A
  • hinge regions causes initial bending/folding of neural tube surface
  • extensive growth of external thin surface epithelium
  • once neural plate buckles at hinge regions, inward pressure cases neural plate to bend/invaginate further and to the 2 sides to approximate
17
Q

Surface ectoderm thickens to form what?

A

neural plate

18
Q

Notochord secretes Noggin and Chordin. Functions?

A
  • Act on surface epithelium to thicken it
  • Reach by diffusion
  • Different regions of surface ectoderm get different doses of compounds
19
Q

Effect of compound is dose-dependent

A
  • Region above notochord gets high dose of noggin and chordin
  • Region farther away = lose dose
20
Q

Effect of compound is dose-dependent PART. 2

A
  • Low dose lateral to neural plate = not enough to do anything
  • Edges of neural plate = enough to thicken
  • Edges of neural plate form protoneural crest
21
Q

protoneural crest

A

low dose of chordin, noggin

22
Q

High dose found in the medial of the neural plate which forms a specialized region in the neural tube

A

Floorplate

23
Q

signaling (organizing centers)

A

-region of embryo that secretes special chemicals that play a role in development

24
Q

Morphogens

A
  • Affect growth of tissues around them
  • Can appear and disappear
  • Chemicals secretes from signaling centers are morphogens
25
Q

Edges of neural tube are darker

A

Due to Larger amount of tissue

26
Q

where is primitive streak located

A

caudal (posterior) to neural folds

27
Q

Where does notochord terminate? This structure is between border of forebrain and midbrain

A

Infundibulum

28
Q

Hensen’s node is front of?

A

Primitive streak

29
Q

Notochord is under what?

A

Neural tube( is on top)

30
Q

Enlarged areas of neural tube become what?

A

brain

31
Q

back part of neural tube forms what?

A

spinal cord

32
Q

condensations of mesoderm that occur lateral of neural tube

A

somites

33
Q

Problems if neural tube fusion does not take place completely

A

1: Spina Bifida Occulta
2: Meningocele
3: MyeloMeningocele

34
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A
  • Veterbrae incomplete
  • Incomplete fusion of spinal cord
  • not visible at surface
  • problem with closure of vertebral column
35
Q

Meningocele

A

-CNS surrounded by membranes called meninges
-surface tissue not closed
-herniation bubble occurs
some meninges herniate out

36
Q

MyeloMeningocele

A

-primitive spinal cord tissue herniating out
-spinal cord extending outside of body into Meningocele
-can be surgically closed
-long-term motor/sensory problems
-skin is not closed across midline
walls of sac made of meninges

37
Q

Myeloschisis

A
  • surface tissue does not fuse
  • edges of neural fold don’t use
  • most serious form of spina bifida
  • inside of neural tube is continuous with outside
38
Q

Encephalocele

A
  • brain tissue herniating out
  • similar to MyeloMeningocele
  • rarae survival
  • retardation
39
Q

Encephalocele

A
  • brain tissue herniating out
  • similar to MyeloMeningocele
  • rare survival
  • retardation

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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