1.D Flashcards
What are the factors affecting the complexity of drugs?
- large volume of drugs
- each individual drug within the class has distinct characteristics
- each drug has more than one indication + mechanism
- drugs elicit different responses in each individual
- lack of consistency
What is the chemical name of a drug? Example?
a direct description of the chemical structure (use is limited)
sodium chloride
What is the generic name of a drug? Example?
the unique name given to a chemical structure that somewhat describes its structure (same across languages)
ibuprofen or acetaminophen
What is the brand name of a drug? Example?
the marketed name given to a drug (short and easy to remember)
Tylenol or Advil
True or false: brand names are consistent across countries
false
Which drug name is best in practice? Why?
generic
reasons: same across countries, reduces error, encourages efficient communication between disciplines
True or false: a generic company cannot change the medicinal ingredient but they can change the non-medicinal ingredients
true
What is therapeutic classification? Example?
organizing drugs according to their therapeutic usefulness in treating a particular disease
ex: stimulants, depressants, anti-convulsants, anti-inflammatories
What is pharamacological classification? Example?
organizing drugs according to the way a drug works at the molecular level, addresses MOA
ex: anti-histamines, Ca channel blocker, PPI
What is mechanism of action?
how a drug produces its effect on the body
What is family classification? Example?
organizing drugs according to its chemical structure in some way
ex: TCA, penicillins, opioids, NSAIDS, corticosteroids
What does the Federal government control?
controlled substances and narcotics
What does the Provincial government control?
all other prescriptions, OTC, NHP
What is a controlled substance?
any drug in whose manufacture, possession, or use is regulated by the government
What are the characteristics of stimulants?
classification: therapeutic
common trait: stimulate the CNS
pathophysiology: the body needs a fight or flight response
pharmacology: stimulate adrenergic or cholinergic receptors
clinical results: presentation of fight or flight
What is an example of a stimulant?
epinephrine
causes the body to provide a sympathetic response during anaphylaxis
What are the characteristics of depressants?
classification: therapeutic
common trait: slow down the CNS
pathophysiology: the nervous system needs rest
pharmacology: stimulate inhibitory pathways or block stimulation
clinical results: slowing down of the targeted process
What is an example of a depressant?
phenytoin
raises the threshold for electrical messages to prevent seizures
What are the characteristics of opioids?
classification: family
common trait: stimulate opioid receptors
pathophysiology: pain
pharmacology: provides altered perception of pain + sedation, constipation, euphoria, nausea
clinical results: can still feel pain but dont care
What is an example of an opioid?
morphine
What are characteristics of NSAIDS?
classification: family
common trait: reduce inflammation while not being a steroid
pathophysiology: mild to moderate inflammation
pharmacology: inhibit COX
clinical results: reduction in inflammation
What is an example of an NSAID?
naproxen
What are the characteristics of corticosteroids?
classification: family
common trait: steroid structure
pathophysiology: moderate to severe inflammation or immune response
pharmacology: mimics endogenous cortisol to produce anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions
clinical results: rapid reduction of inflammation or immune response
What is an example of a corticosteroid?
methylprednisolone
What are the characteristics of anabolic steroids?
classification: family
common trait: possess the steroid structure and stimulate androgen receptors
pathophysiology: delayed puberty, andropause, low testosterone levels, transitioning
pharmacology: stimulate androgen receptors
clinical result: masculine appearance and features
What is an example of an anabolic steroid?
testosterone gel
