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PHAR121 > 1.D > Flashcards

1.D Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting the complexity of drugs?

A
  1. large volume of drugs
  2. each individual drug within the class has distinct characteristics
  3. each drug has more than one indication + mechanism
  4. drugs elicit different responses in each individual
  5. lack of consistency
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2
Q

What is the chemical name of a drug? Example?

A

a direct description of the chemical structure (use is limited)
sodium chloride

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3
Q

What is the generic name of a drug? Example?

A

the unique name given to a chemical structure that somewhat describes its structure (same across languages)
ibuprofen or acetaminophen

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4
Q

What is the brand name of a drug? Example?

A

the marketed name given to a drug (short and easy to remember)
Tylenol or Advil

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5
Q

True or false: brand names are consistent across countries

A

false

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6
Q

Which drug name is best in practice? Why?

A

generic
reasons: same across countries, reduces error, encourages efficient communication between disciplines

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7
Q

True or false: a generic company cannot change the medicinal ingredient but they can change the non-medicinal ingredients

A

true

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8
Q

What is therapeutic classification? Example?

A

organizing drugs according to their therapeutic usefulness in treating a particular disease
ex: stimulants, depressants, anti-convulsants, anti-inflammatories

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9
Q

What is pharamacological classification? Example?

A

organizing drugs according to the way a drug works at the molecular level, addresses MOA
ex: anti-histamines, Ca channel blocker, PPI

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10
Q

What is mechanism of action?

A

how a drug produces its effect on the body

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11
Q

What is family classification? Example?

A

organizing drugs according to its chemical structure in some way
ex: TCA, penicillins, opioids, NSAIDS, corticosteroids

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12
Q

What does the Federal government control?

A

controlled substances and narcotics

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13
Q

What does the Provincial government control?

A

all other prescriptions, OTC, NHP

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14
Q

What is a controlled substance?

A

any drug in whose manufacture, possession, or use is regulated by the government

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of stimulants?

A

classification: therapeutic
common trait: stimulate the CNS
pathophysiology: the body needs a fight or flight response
pharmacology: stimulate adrenergic or cholinergic receptors
clinical results: presentation of fight or flight

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16
Q

What is an example of a stimulant?

A

epinephrine
causes the body to provide a sympathetic response during anaphylaxis

17
Q

What are the characteristics of depressants?

A

classification: therapeutic
common trait: slow down the CNS
pathophysiology: the nervous system needs rest
pharmacology: stimulate inhibitory pathways or block stimulation
clinical results: slowing down of the targeted process

18
Q

What is an example of a depressant?

A

phenytoin
raises the threshold for electrical messages to prevent seizures

19
Q

What are the characteristics of opioids?

A

classification: family
common trait: stimulate opioid receptors
pathophysiology: pain
pharmacology: provides altered perception of pain + sedation, constipation, euphoria, nausea
clinical results: can still feel pain but dont care

20
Q

What is an example of an opioid?

A

morphine

21
Q

What are characteristics of NSAIDS?

A

classification: family
common trait: reduce inflammation while not being a steroid
pathophysiology: mild to moderate inflammation
pharmacology: inhibit COX
clinical results: reduction in inflammation

22
Q

What is an example of an NSAID?

A

naproxen

23
Q

What are the characteristics of corticosteroids?

A

classification: family
common trait: steroid structure
pathophysiology: moderate to severe inflammation or immune response
pharmacology: mimics endogenous cortisol to produce anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions
clinical results: rapid reduction of inflammation or immune response

24
Q

What is an example of a corticosteroid?

A

methylprednisolone

25
Q

What are the characteristics of anabolic steroids?

A

classification: family
common trait: possess the steroid structure and stimulate androgen receptors
pathophysiology: delayed puberty, andropause, low testosterone levels, transitioning
pharmacology: stimulate androgen receptors
clinical result: masculine appearance and features

26
Q

What is an example of an anabolic steroid?

A

testosterone gel

PHAR121 (17 decks)

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