1B - Scientific Research Methodologies

Question 1

Research Methodologies

Answer 1

It refers to the methods, techniques, or types of studies researchers use to gather information about psychological phenomena.

Question 2

Controlled Experiments

Answer 2

It is a type of investigation in which the causal relationship between two variables is tested in a controlled environment.
Pro: cause and effect relationship can be examined between variables
Con: Some studies ethically irresponsible

Question 3

Between Subject Designs / independent group designs

Answer 3

Between subjects randomly allocate participants to either the control group, or the experimental group only.
Pro: Less time consuming
Con: Usually requires more subjects

Question 4

Within subjects design / repeated measures

Answer 4

Within subjects have participants complete both the experimental and the control condition.
Pro: Results due to the IV
Con: Order effect

Question 5

Order effect

Answer 5

Order effect is where completing one condition first, influences the results of the next condition (doing a puzzle with music, then doing it without music, warms up yourself for the next upcoming puzzle).

Question 6

Mixed design

Answer 6

combines features of both between and within subjects design. The researcher can compare between participants as well as within them, multiple IV’s.
Pro: Multiple conditions
Con: Costly and time-consuming

Question 7

Experimental design choice

Answer 7

Choosing between within-subjects and between-subjects designs depends on the study’s potential biases:

Within-subjects design is preferred if participant differences may affect results.
Between-subjects design is better if practice or fatigue could influence outcomes.